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Hormones in waste waters
Petrušová, Pavlína ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis gives the overview of waste water contaminants of steroid hormones type. A short description of these compounds and of their physical-chemical properties is given and sources of these substances in the environment are characterized, as well as their impact on organisms The fate of these compounds and methods used for their isolation from environmental compartments methods of their final analysis are characterized.
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Determination of selected drugs by separation methods
Skálová, Lucie ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work summarizes the basic information regarding the occurence and incidence of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, causes of their existence in the environmental components, their effects and consequences arising. In addition, provides information related to the problem of pharmaceutical waste and its disposal. Part of the work is an overview of specific drugs from the group of analgesics, and a description of the various steps and methods suitable for their determination in aqueous matrices.
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Residuals of pharmaceuticals in waters
Vašíčková, Petra ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on studying synthetic pharmaceuticals spreading into the aquatic ecosystem. Ketoprofen and diclofenac, non-steroidal analgetics were studied. The aim of this work is to develop both a suitable analytic method for analytes isolation from a given matrix and an optimal technique for identification and determination of analgetics residues in waters. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was employed as the separation method for isolation of given pharmaceuticals and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection was used for their determination. The optimised and validation method was used to model samples of water. Obtained results were evaluated and their interpretation was done.
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Vyhodnocení provozních parametrů čistírny odpadních vod
Rozmahelová, Marcela
I would like to focus on a sewage treatment of a medium sewage treatment plant. In the general part, I deal with the ways of the sewage treatment in the Czech Republic and with the steps of the treatment. This is also the main topic of this thesis. In the general part, there is also a part dedicated to the use of the sewage sludge. In the practical part and in the conclusion, we can find the technology of the treatment in selected sewage treatment plant, the legislative requirements on the treatment and the comparison with the results of selected indicators. The values are arranged into the tables and graphs.
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Návrh hospodaření s odpadními vodami v obci Loučka
Štěpán, Jan
This diploma work is dealing with current condition of wastewater management in Loucka community. The research was carried out by questioner. Main task was to suggest new plan for wastewater management in this village according to the questioner results, as well as to pick a suitable place for the wastewater tratment plant. There is a literature resume on researched topic and description of local natural conditions in the first part of the work. Methodology part deals with current wastewater management condition and data collection method itself. Results of this work will be presented to the community representatives and will help during decision process in wastewater management enhacement plan in Loucka community.
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Monitoring producentů odpadních vod v Brně
Lysák, Martin
Waste water brought by sewage network on city waste water treatment plant affect the cleaning process with its qualitative and quantitative composition. Waste water monitoring represents a tool for observation of pollution indicators in municipal waste water produced by population and industry. In the general part of my thesis is characterized waste water by composition, place of origin, monitored pollution indicators and from the perspective of current legislation. The practical part describes monitoring established by the operator of water lines and sewerage system in Brno city, where the major producers of industrial sectors are divided into groups according to the risk of hazardous substances that may be present in produced waste water. In the final part of this thesis is evaluated the impact of indiscipline of wastewater producers to the sewage network in Brno city and the process of cleaning in the wastewater treatment plant.
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Čištění odpadních vod na čistírně do 3000 ekvivalentních obyvatel
Houdková, Lenka
This bachelor thesis disserts about the problematic of a sewage purification. Wastewater treatement of Dolní Kounice was chosen for analyse. The aim of this thesis is analyse and evaluation data from process of a sewage treatement. This thesis describes actualy issue of sewage in Czech republic. This thesis is focused on describtion technology of wastewater treatement of Dolní Kounice. This thesis containes analyse data from process of sewage treatement and finally evaluation. At the end in this thesis there are scores of requirements from Czech authority and finally recommendations for process of sewage treatement.
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The occurrence and interactions of iodine in a natural environment, focused on the hydrosphere.
ŠEDA, Martin
Iodine is an important element essential for higher animals. A large part of the global human population suffers from a lack of iodine; elucidation of transfer and mobility of this element in the environment, water, soil, air and in organisms is thus very important. The aim of this work was the elaboration and optimisation of the method for determination of very low concentrations of iodine in the waters. The mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) technique was used. It has been shown that using of different filter types during sample preparation had no significant effect on the content of impurities in the filtered sample. Antimony was recommended as an internal standard, despite commonly used elements (indium or tellurium). Samples were not preserved because nitric acid caused volatilization of iodine from the sample and the addition of aqueous ammonia had no significant effect. The optimised method was tested on several groups of water samples, including precipitation, surface water and lysimetric waters. From autumn 2009 to summer 2010, a part of the Blanice River (Šumava Mountains, South Bohemia) was sampled. The average content of iodine in samples ranged from 1.48 ? 0.30 ?g?dm-3 (April 2010) to 3.05 ? 0.38 ?g?dm-3 (July 2010). The average content of iodine in samples from all tributaries of the Blanice River ranged between 2.52 ? 1.63 ?g?dm-3 (March 2010) and 3.67 ? 1.37 ?g?dm-3 (July 2010). The concentration of iodine in the monitored surface waters did not change significantly along the flow of the river. The other two streams were sampled near Rapotín village (Jeseníky Mountains, north Moravia). The average contents of iodine were as follow: Annov (upper stream) 1.60 ? 0.65 ?g?dm-3, Annov (lower stream) 1.88 ? 1.18 ?g?dm-3, Salaš (upper stream) 1.77 ? 0.92 ?g?dm-3, Salaš (lower stream) 1.42 ? 0.58 ?g?dm-3. Generally, the data showed that considering iodine, the area of Šumava had slightly higher levels than those observed in the Jeseníky Mountains. Precipitation collected in the South Bohemia (Arnoštov village and city of České Budějovice) and in Jeseníky (Rapotín) contained less iodine compared to surface waters, and rarely exceeded 3 micrograms per liter of water. The situation has changed in the spring of 2010, because of the occurrence of volcanic dust and ash over the Czech Republic. This volcanic cloud came from the sudden activity of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano (Iceland). In the mentioned period, the contents of iodine in precipitation were increased several times at all sample collection sites. This is an indirect evidence that iodine could be released during volcanic eruptions and transferred over long distances through the atmosphere. It turned out that the wastewater treatment plant can eliminate iodine in wastewater only partially. However, the wastewater treatment plants in the monitored region were too small to evaluate the overall impact on the environment. The maximum iodine content at the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant Prachatice town (South Bohemia) was 28.5 ?g?dm-3, which is several times higher than natural levels in the Živný stream, to which the treated water flows. Lysimetric water samples were collected from lysimeters installed in three nearby plots in Arnoštov village (Šumava, South Bohemia). The highest concentrations of iodine were found on plot where cattle were grazed. These values were significantly higher (average 4.38 ? 1.74 ?g?dm-3) than those obtained from a site used as hay meadow (average 2.69 ? 1.19 ?g?dm-3) or an untreated meadow (average 2.25 ? 1.39 ?g?dm-3). Iodine therefore probably originated from the urine and feces of grazed cattle. This thesis contributes to the total knowledge of iodine, particularly to the part concerning determination of iodine in the hydrosphere.
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