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The toxicology of combustion products
SIKORA, Henryk
Fire presents a significant risk of the formation of toxic combustion gases. These substances further endanger fire squad units and nearby residents. Toxic gases are responsible for almost 50% of all fire casualties and cause one third of fatal casualties. The amount and composition of gases depend to a great extent on the conditions of thermal degradation especially temperature and the amount of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere. Prevention or minimisation of consequences of formation of toxic gases involves a rapid and a quality analysis. For this purpose, the methods that proved to be the best suited are gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with micro-extraction to solid phase. This work involves analysis of combustion products of selected materials and study of their toxic characteristics. These are especially wood, oil products, various types of rubber and plastic materials. Using analysis of these combustion gases more than 300 hundred substances have been identified. These are especially carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, volatile organic substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Monitoring of combustion gases was performed even in the vicinity of large fires. The findings were complemented by information from expert studies and events of past years. In case of identified substances which present the greatest health risk, the most significant toxic characteristics were described with emphasis on acute exposition, symptoms of intoxication and possible consequences. Following all these facts protection measures are suggested in relation to the formation of toxic combustion gases.
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Packaging and Its Influence on the Effectiveness on Logistic Operations
PECHOVÁ, Jaroslava
The topic of my work is packaging and its influence on the effectiveness of logistic operations. The main aim of my diploma work was an analysis of portfolio of products of a packaging industry which enters distributive chains in the sphere of an elected sortiment group from the point of view of their applicability for logistic operations. I acquired information for elaborating this work from the company Schenker, Ltd., Jamall, Inc. and next from shopping chains. I compared pallets which are used by the company Schenker in logistics. In the company Jamall I dealt with a portfolio of furniture and its influence on effectiveness of logistic operations. In shopping chains I dealt with the matter of conveniency or inconviency of packaging of non-alcoholic beverages. Next I applied a properly elaborated questionnaire aimed at environment and packaging. I applied the method of observation, controlled interview, analysis of documents, processing data from the operations register file and questionnaire investigation for acquiring necessary information. I made a conclusion that a proper choice of packaging has an essential influence on lowering costs involving storage, manipulation and transport.
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Streamlining the material flow in Unipetrol
Valenta, Jan ; Pernica, Petr (advisor) ; Jupa, Martin (referee)
This Master's Thesis deals with logistic processes within Unipetrol group of chemical companies with main focus on material flow of polyolefin plastics. Thesis's key objectives are thorough exploring of material flow, identifying possible ineffective areas and suggesting solutions. All parts of the material chain (production line, packaging,warehousing and expedition) are carefully analyzed. Theoretical part defines general logistics, importance of supply chain management in connection with globalization, chemical industry specifics and methods used in analyses (inventory management models). Practical part describes Unipetrol and its departments and more importantly results of executed analyses. Ten selected products with the greatest impact on department efficiency are examined carefully. Thesis conclusion includes final recommendations and chain's weakest places that should be eliminated.
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Influence of release frequency of containers for separated household refuse to separation intensity of the waste.
JANEŠÍKOVÁ, Michaela
The thesis is evaluating the influence of frequency balance of containers for sorted for sorted waste for the intensity of sorting in two locations in České Budějovice. The influence was examined using three independent methods (monitoring the filling of containers ? by a balancing caluclation ? by a questionnaire) At the assessment of the impact of collection frequency to the selection account was taken of the following criteria: full containers at the time of collection, walking distance of population to the containers for sorted waste, type of buildings in the monitored area, sorted waste containers capacity, the amount of sorted waste, population per one collection point, etc. The results showed that the level of sorting of mixed waste in České Budějovice is not at good level. Collection frequency of sorted waste is sufficient and is not limiting to the intensity of sorting. For the efficiency of collection there is proposed tu optimize the placement od containers for sorted waste, to consider a different system off collection for residential areas, to introdukce a special containers for sorting of PET bottles and to raise form filling of paper containers by englightenment.
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Influence of urban type to quantity of separated household refuse in České Budějovice
KAISEROVÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with sorting of a municipal waste by a different type of build-up are in the city of České Budějovice. A research was focus on central build-up area and suburban built-up area. This simply means research among family houses and prefabricated houses. For the first part of the research was chosen a territory with a similar quantity of inhabitants. Sorted municipal waste container was observed for a different time periods. The aim of this part was to find differences in: sorted municipal waste amount (plastics, paper, colored glass, colorless glass), inhabitant's behaviour to waste sorting, total possibilities of municipal waste treatment and possibilities for an improvement in municipal waste sorting for suburban build-up area. The second part of the research was based on a questionnaire form leaded to family houses inhabitants and prefabricated houses inhabitants in České Budějovice. There where these types of questions : if inhabitants do the waste sorting, how do they behave while waste sorting, if an offer and a size of sorted waste container is sufficient, what next possibilities in waste sorting would inhabitants appreciate and what do they think about recycling costs and situation in the Czech Republic.
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Technology of injection of thermoplastics
BASTL, Jiří
This thesis describes technology of injection of thermoplastics and disserts upon important factors of mass production of plastic components. The document also illustrates modeling in 3D software application and step by step explains production of a part of an injection molding machine.
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