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The role of a nurse in a prevention and a treatment of intestinal parasites of children
JANDOVÁ, Anna
The best-known intestinal parasites are Pinworms, Roundworms, Tapeworms and the disease called Toxocarosis. The oftenest parasite is, according to sources, the Pinworm. Intestinal parasites affect mostly young children of pre-school age, sometimes even older. The first goal of the thesis was to investigate parents' awareness of the prevention of parasitic diseases in children. There is a hypothesis set to this goal: Parents of children who suffered from parasitic disease are more informed than parents of children who have not had this disease. The second goal was to map the specifics of nursing care for children with parasitic diseases at GPCHA practice. A research question was chosen for this aim: What are the specifics of nursing care at GPCHA in parasitic diseases? In methodology, the empirical part was chosen and it was a qualitative - quantitative research survey. For the quantitative part, the interrogation method and technique of non-standardized questionnaire was used. The research sample of quantitative survey consisted of 223 respondents, it means parents whose child is aged from 0 to 6 years. The questionnaires were distributed on social networking and others in a nursery school in Týn nad Vltavou. At the very beginning, respondents were acquainted with the topic of the thesis. The results of a quantitative survey were processed with the help of a data matrix and were further processed within twenty-arranged bar charts. To verify the hypothesis, we used the Chi- Quadrat test, which in this case is not satisfactory, therefore, there had to be chosen to merge the responses. An interrogation method, technique-depth interview was used in the qualitative part. The research group consisted of five nurses; three nurses working at GPCHA in Týn nad Vltavou and two working at GPCHA in České Budějovice. While processing the interviews, there open coding was used and an analysis of interviews was conducted by using the method of Pencil and Paper Interview. The results of this bachelor thesis will be published in the journal Paediatrics practice.
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Dance as a means of integration adults with intellectual disability
KRAUMANNOVÁ, Eva
The goal of the bachelor thesis called Dance as a means of integration adults with intellectual disability was to create, implement and evaluate a dance course focused on the development of social competences in adults with intellectual disability. The thesis deals with adults with intellectual disability and with a leisure activity focused on dancing. There is some space for the development of social competences in adults´ leisure time. In response to the current situation of leisure activities proposition for adults with intellectual disability. I found it beneficial to found a dance group of adults with intellectual disability, and at the same time a group of individuals intact in places unfamiliar to them. Based on an activity which may be implemented amusingly it is possible to develop an individual´s personality as well as his or her social competences, which become a presumption of a successful integration, universally. The bachelor thesis consists of four chapters.The first chapter defines the term ´intellectual disability´. Further on the attention is paid to the characteristics of the target group, i.e. adults suffering from a slight and medium mental retardation. Further on, the disability´s impact onto the human psyche as well as social area is described. In the second chapter the term ´dance´is defined and then the description of its usefulness within the leisure, artistic and therapeutic areas is given. In the third chapter the presumptions for a successful integration are described. In the conclusion of the theoretical part there is an interconnection made between the target group and the activity for developing social competences. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is continued with a practical part, the fourth chapter. It is a programme of a six-month course which I have set together based on the analysis of expert literature and my experience gained during the leadership of dance lessons and working with adults with intellectual disability. The programme will include work methods and an evaluation of partial activities. The six-month course was held in the school year of 2015/2016 and 6 intellectually disabled adults took part in it. Students of the University of South Bohemia joined the course. Partial goals were set for individual dance lessons and the activities were set so that they would develop social competences in participants non-violently and in the greatest extent possible. The course was implemented in the IN Civic Association facilities. To evaluate the activity and find out the progress within the area of the participants´ social competences, several development fields have been set. Several chosen social competences were divided into evaluation scales. The participants were evaluated at the beginning of the course and then again, six months later. The evaluation method chosen was my own observation. I focused on the evaluation of my own working, on group evaluation and the evaluation of each individual. Evaluation was also done on the part of each course participant, too. Dance lessons and activities connected have proven to be a suitable means for developing social competences in intellectually disabled adults. In five participants the values have risen in 5 10 out of 17 competences observed. A recourse occured in a participant who was going through a difficult life situation during the last two months of the course. Values have risen dramatically and in all participants in the area of group cooperation. Five participants made a progress in establishing and keeping eye contact and in starting a conversation. One participant has made a progress in the area of group performance, another one has made a progress in the area of independence and another one started to call the other participants by their names, as opposed to the beginning of the course. In general, the members of the group became more self-confident.
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Lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease before and after surgery
REZKOVÁ, Helena
Theoretical background: Peripheral arterial disease is a serious disease of Loir limb arteries which originates from atherosclerosis. The theoretical part deals with the lifestyle. There are mentioned basic risk factors of chronic forms. Further described are the pathophysiology changes generated on the basis of atherosclerosis and related causes for the origin of the disease. Subsequently there are explained methods of classification, developed clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy. This section also looks at the role of a nurse in the care of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate how patients with peripheral arterial disease changed their lifestyle after invasive vascular surgery. There were provided the following research questions: How do patients with peripheral arterial disease approach to the prevention of risk factors? What is in patients with peripheral arterial disease the main impuls for the possible change of their lifestyle? What influences surgery patient's attitude to risk factors for peripheral arterial disease? How crucial is a lifestyle change in patients after surgery for peripheral arterial disease? Methods: The theoretical part is processed using expert sources. The empirical part of the theses was processed using qualitative research. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews with patients, with prepared open questions. The research was done in several phases - the first interview was conducted at the patient admission department (before surgery), followed by the next phase after three months, and 6 months after surgery. The interviews were recorded on a prepared form, then transcribed into electronic form and analyzed by open coding method. Results: The research showed that surgery can sometimes be triggered by changes in the patient's lifestyle. The first interviews in the preoperative period focused on how respondents felt, what was their lifestyle before surgery for atherosclerotic changes of the lower extremities. One of the questions was focused on patient knowledge about risk factors for the development of PAD and possible prevention. The second phase of interviews took place 3 months after the surgery. It dealt with the question about the respndents´ lifestyle, the respondents in the postoperative period, whether there were any changes. Some positive changes occurred in eating and there were some changes in doing physical activity. The third stage was carried out six months after surgery, again in order to detect changes in lifestyle. Minor changes came in smoking habits, the issue of diet and physical aktivity. Questions were also focused on the psychological level. We found out who helped patients and what was most motivating in implementing changes. In the conclusion/summing up question the patients marked themselves ow they managed to make a change. Conclusion: The number of patients with peripheral arterial disease and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing. The basis is the start to modify risk factors, namely tobacco use,dietary habits, physical activity. The medical staff members participate on changes in patients´ lifestyle by appropriate education. The problem occurs when the patient despite the support of close people can not cope to carry a twist in their life. There should a medical staff member offer a professional help to deal with this important step. Practical use: The aim is to draw attention to the expansion of education about lifestyle changes for patients diagnosed with PAD also in the postoperative period. Patients who are released to home care should receive enough information that would convince them to change their attitude towards their health, and that surgery is only one of the ways to prevent further attacks and complications. Results can improve communication with patients and focus on increasing their awareness and possibly offer assistance.
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Is it possible in clinical practice to perform selection of unrelated donors based on KIR genotypes for AML patients?
FRYČOVÁ, Michaela
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignant disease, during which is for most of the patients only possible treatment the curative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Besides reaction of the graft against the host is a fundamental limiting factor of the successful transplantation the relapse of the disease. According to several recent published studies, the results of transplantation in patients with AML may be influenced except the HLA genes by others so-called non - HLA genes. Especially there is mounting evidence influence of the donors KIR genes (Killer -cell Immunoglobulin - like receptors) in protection against the relapse after transplantation. HLA and KIR genes are coded on different chromosomes (HLA- sixth chromosome and KIR chromosome 19), therefore are segregated independently and HLA identical donors with recipients usually have different compositions of the KIR genes. Cooley et al. (2010) demonstrated that the specific motifs composition of centromeric and telomeric B haplotypes of KIR genes helps to protect against relapse and increases the chances of complete cure AML. In cases where there are multiple HLA identical unrelated donors (UD) then logically the composition KIR genes by the individual donor could be a criterion in selecting the most appropriate donor, therefore, the one with the greatest potential to protect over the relapse . Based on this study and other data the genetic screening of KIR was started with potential donors, if it was possible to choose from several 10/10 or 10/09 HLA identical UD for the patient. Genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP methodology using commercially available kits. It was performed gene classification 160 preferably identical HLA donors for 55 selected patients with AML. The presence of KIR haplotypes A and B as well as their combinations was determined from the type and number of the KIR genes. All genotypes were entered into the calculator, which allows you to enter up to five potential donors and obtain their assigned into one of three categories according to content KIR B. Groups , "neutral" , "better" , "best" , refer to the appropriate protection against relapse. KIR gene classification in the search for donors revealed 43 donors with AA haplotypes, 90 donors with AB haplotypes and 27 donors with BB haplotypes . After assigning state of the presence KIR B was discovered 107 " neutral " donors , 35 "better " donors and the 18 "best " donors . At 40 (~ 73 %) patients were available donors with the different states of the presence of KIR B. These patients represent a group of patients where the selection criterion of the presence B KIR gene at the donor could be used. We confirmed that the additional selection of HLA-matched unrelated donor on the basis of the content B of KIR genes is feasible. Selection such donor for transplantation may improve the outcome of patients with AML.
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Card of Cryptosporidium infections by humans and animals
BLÁHOVEC, Ondřej
The representatives of the Cryptosporidium genus are one of the causes of gastrointestinal tract diseases in humans and animals. In animals the host may even be a respiratory apparatus. The disease is called cryptosproridiosis. In majority of cases this infection can bypass without any major problems, but in immunosuppressed individuals it can cause serious health problems. Cryptosporidium has a monoxenous development cycle, which basically means that the entire development takes place in a single host. Exogenous stage is represented by oocysts, which are in case of a gastrointestinal disease excreted in faeces. In case of a respiratory disease the oocysts make they way out via respiratory and nasal secretions. This leads to contamination of the environment or water. In general, it is expected that Cryptosporidium isolates, which are present in one class of vertebrates, are not infectious to a non-specific host from other classes. It is also expected that cryptosporidia have low host specificity. But this does not exclude that some kinds have gradually extended its specificity to more species. It is also apparent that cryptosporidium infections are common in animals that inhabit the external environment, so even a human can be endangered by this zoonosis, although the incidence in the Czech Republic is low. The reason for the low numbers may as well be that parasitological examination is not performed very often, so the estimated prevalence in the population is probably much higher. Therefore to reveal the originator of this disease it would be appropriate to perform a parasitological examination in persons who are in contact with animals, this way the cryptosporidium infection would be excluded or proven.
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Narcolepsy and other seizure disorders
TONDLOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the issue of seizure disorders from the perspective of special neurology. In terms of content, it is focuses on two major areas. The first part is theoretical in nature and has descriptions of the individual disorders, their clinical manifestations, diagnoses and current treatments. It is focused on the following seizure disorder group with regard to one of the objectives of the work: epilepsy, tetany, Meniere's syndrome, migraine and more specifically narcolepsy. These findings are supplemented with information on current knowledge regarding the treatment and diagnoses of these diseases, which make the lives of thus disables people very difficult and prevent them from leading their lives the way they could if they were in full health. The aim of the work is not just a theoretical description of the currently available knowledge of these diseases from literature, but also a practical confrontation thereof from experiences, which in this case result from the true stories of people suffering from seizure disorders. A specific seizure disorder has been selected for this second part of my thesis, which needs to be talked about more in order to become better known. It is a disorder that is interchangeable with regard to its symptoms, which are similar to other disorders, and it is difficult to diagnose or is only diagnosed after an inconveniently long time - i.e. Narcolepsy . The thesis therefore deals with the issue of narcolepsy in most detail, with regard to the practical focus in the next section, where in addition to aforementioned basic knowledge, the author describes the activities and the importance of sleep laboratories and centres as institutions involved in treatment. In order to penetrate into the issue of this disorder even more deeply, she adds the aforementioned anonymous stories of people affected in this way. This part is also complemented with illustrative images of the sleep laboratory and the stories of these people as a better visual complement of the thesis for the reader. A descriptive analysis (comparison) of each symptom was chosen as a comparative method of the aforementioned thesis objective (to compare the theoretically given symptoms of narcolepsy with the symptoms of individuals suffering from this disease), in which the goal was to choose the common symptoms these people which make their lives difficult and compare these data with information (symptoms of narcolepsy) found in contemporary literature. In conclusion, we visit the most important information from scientific literature, the views of the professional community on the current research and studies on narcolepsy, i.e. the specifically examined causal links of applying the Pandemrix vaccine (against swine flu) and narcolepsy and a summary of the results of other studies investigating the etiology of this disease. The aim of this section is to present the reader with, and identify, the current developments in narcolepsy research. An evaluation of the historical development of interest in sleep disorders and an evaluation of the conclusions drawn by comparing symptoms specified in professional literature on narcolepsy with actual symptoms of people suffering from this disease are also included. The aim is to provide the reader with a bio-psycho-social view of a person with this disease, which is not always emphatically discussed in every piece of professional literature. The result of the entire thesis is a summary of the current state of knowledge of these diseases and a reflection on the research of the current possible causes of narcolepsy. It continues to compare the theoretical background of the narcolepsy disorder with the experience of living with this disease, including stories of selectively chosen individuals suffering from narcolepsy.
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Relationship between the coat colour and melanoma occurrence in horses
Hovorková, Kristýna ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Majzlík, Ivan (referee)
The literary review is divided into two main parts, the first part is dealing with the coloring of horses and their genetic base and the second part is dealing with melanoma formations of horses and their division. In the chapter about several color types of horses there is a description of forming basic color types which is done by three locuses: COLOR, EXTENSION and AGOUTI. Locus COLOR (CREAM) controls whether or not to create pigment. EXTENSION locus controls about the type of pigment and AGOUTI locus controls the distribution of pigment.
The next subsection gives a breakdown of the white color in horses. Greying proces is related with locus GREY where there is a loss of pigment and the coat itself. This process and mutation is commonly connected with dermal melanoma. Non-pigmented spots called vtiligos are connected with the greying process, which is more intense with increasing age. Vtiligios are commonly found in grey horses, at the same locations as dermal melanoma. The places are perianal area under the tail, around the vulva, lips, eyes and around the penis.
Melanoma formations are divided according to whether they occur in Grey horses or other colored horses and whether they have a benign or malignant potential. A further breakdown of melanomas at grey horses is whether it is a separate, smaller segments or large, associated lesions, when this condition is called dermal melanomatosis.
At the end of the thesis there is a description of the treatment options for melanoma. The most effective appears to be a surgical removal of smaller formations. There were studies which have examined the anticancer action of the drug cimetidine but the results are not yet sufficiently conclusive. As preventing the occurrence of melanoma in grey horses it is appropriate to implement the necessary measures and individuals who are concerned should not be included in the next breeding.
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Standardization of nursing care as an integral part of preparation for the accreditation survey
ŠIMÁČKOVÁ, Alexandra
The Diploma thesis deals with standardisation of nursing care in the context of preparatory work for accreditation survey, i.e. a mutual harmony between standards developed in health care institutions and those developed by the SAK ČR accreditation commission. Standardisation is a process of setting essential rules which should guarantee providing a high quality nursing care. These rules (standards) enable to evaluate the quality of all nursing activities. Nurses should be aware of standardisation process and be actively engaged in it. The theoretical part describes the part of Czech nursing system concept focused on the quality of nursing care, defines the quality itself, maps the systems which help improve the quality of nursing care in health care institutions and refers to the formation of nursing standards. Practical part deals with five aims stated at the beginning: To map the quality of standardisation in nursing care as a preparatory part of accreditation survey. To find out if nursing care in hospitals is carried out through the method of nursing process. To find out if nursing care is supported by properly kept documentation. To find out if the needs of education were considered for all patients. To find out if nurses are aware of the importance of nursing care standardisation. We chose a quantitative research method. To collect the research data we used anonymous questionnaires. Each of the hospitals was given 50 questionnaires, i.e. 250 in total as the research group was made by respondents from the hospitals in Jindřichův Hradec, Pelhřimov, Tábor, Písek a Havlíčkův Brod. 230 completed questionnaires were returned and 204 of them represented then the research group. Within the research, we accomplished the aims stated, and proved these hypotheses: Hypothesis 1 (H1): The hospitals meet all requirements of accreditation survey of nursing care standardisation. H2: Nursing care in the hospitals is carried out through the method of nursing process. H3: Nursing care in the hospitals is supported by properly kept documentation. H4: The needs of education were considered for all patients and recorded in the nursing documentation. H5: The nurses are aware of the importance of nursing care standardisation. The quantitative research resulted into the statement that all hospitals meet the requirements of accreditation survey of nursing care standardisation. Nursing care in the hospitals is carried out through the method of nursing process which is properly recorded in nursing documentation. It was also found out that the needs of education were considered for all patients and properly recorded in the nursing documentation. The nurses are aware of the importance of nursing care standardisation. The facts resulted from the research prove that the quality of nursing care in the chosen hospitals is very high and meets the requirements of accreditation standards. The research findings will be offered to the hospital managements as an educational material for nurses and midwives.
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The assessment of equine housing systems in terms of welfare
Morávková, Kateřina ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Majzlík, Ivan (referee)
Nowadays, the conditions of animals' breeding are better than they were in the past and bigger emphasis i sput on their compliance and improvement. To secure/provide a good welfare is not an easy task for the breeders. Generally, we know how good welfare should look like, but we do not know, if the animal is satisfied. Various studies and experiments of good and bad life conditions appear. On the other hand, there still are lots of things about the welfare topics, which could be discovered and explored. Other question is, if a bad welfare has something common with animals' cruelty, or does not. One of categories, which is welfare focused on is stablig. When horse breeding and stabling, we should consider their native lifestyle and behaviour. We should do this, if we want to secure a good welfare. In many of cases there is a problem, because as it has been said, there is no strict rule, what is a good and bad welfare. Some horses can be satisfied in a box, and the other can feel bad in the box -- they can have depression and they will feel best when they are out with other horses. Every system and style of stabling has its pluses and minuses. Some of the systems seem to be less suitable for horses, but it depends on the horses' character. But horses do not chooses their kind of stabling, it is choosen by the breeder. The stabling has been solved for centuries, and it must have been solved in the past, it is in the peresent, and it will be in the future. But we still come with new and improved ways of stabling. A modern guy can not imagine, that nowadays stabling should be the same as it was in the past. Today, we do not know, if this way of stabling was found as a good type of welfare and if horses were satisfied with it. It is a question, if better welfare is a box stabling or a styling out. For working horses the best stabling is the lashing one, where horses work in a wood and they want a lot of relax -- through this kind of stabling the rest can be enabled. But according to the law foals can not be roped. To stable the horse with the rope for 22 is a breach of a welfare. So we must alway take the reasons of stabling into consideration and if an exgerrated care about stabling does not verge on a horse's satisfaction. Through the behaviour and understading the horses a guy should be able to recognize, if the horse is fully satisfied and the welfare is arranged in the best way. It should be a reward for the breeders, if the horse has the good lifestyle.
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