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The nursing process for children with ear disease
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
Ear diseases in childhood are relatively frequent. Of these, the most affecting and threatening the children in infant, toddler and preschool age is an infection of the middle ear. Despite the increasing quality of healthcare and development of vaccines that contribute to a reduction of the number of children diagnosed with acute otitis media, occurrences of these inflammations are still frequent. Inflammation of the ear is accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms and as well as other diseases it requires specific treatment and care. Going through an inflammation of the middle ear is for the child an unpleasant and often very painful experience. This disease also brings its own risks in terms of complications. Although its course is mostly without complications and treatment is directed by a pediatrician, we are dealing with cases where it is necessary to hospitalize a child patient. This work in its theoretical part refers to the types of otitis media, prevention, risk factors and complications. It describes the diagnosis, treatment and care for a child with otitis media. It also deals with the awareness of parents, points to a nursing problems associated with inflammation of the middle ear and the specifics of child care. In the empirical part of this thesis, two objectives were set. The first objective was to map the state of awareness of parents about the risk factors and preventive measures to prevent otitis media. The second objective was to determine the incidence of the most common problems in nursing care for children with otitis media. Four research questions were set for these objectives and it was: How are parents being educated regarding risk factors that can lead to ear disease of children? How are parents being informed about preventive measures to prevent ear disease in children? How parents perceive education on inflammatory diseases of ears? What are the most common problems in nursing care for a child with inflammatory diseases of the ears? For the processing of the empirical part of the research it was chosen quantitative research. The survey was carried out using the methods of data collection through semi-structured interviews. It was designed for two nurses working in GP for children and adolescents and four nurses working in the pediatric department. Another research group consisted of parents of children. Half of them had experience with caring for their own child who has undergone at least one ear infection. Respondents were before the start of the interview informed about the reason and purpose of the research. Interviews were held up with the express consent of each respondent addressed. Interviews were carried out on a pre-arranged location in the period March-May 2014. They were recorded using a voice recording and a written record. After that, the interviews were transcribed and processed into categories and subcategories. This gave rise to four categories: Awareness of Parents, Education of Parents, Knowledge of Parents and Inflammation of the Middle Ear.
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Nurse in the Course of Time - the History of the Nursing Profession in the Czech Lands
KOPULETÁ, Martina
The aim of this thesis is to map the historic development of the nursing profession in Czech nursing from the past to the present. The Bachelor thesis is composed purely theoretically. The development of nursing profession is described in its important millstones. To gain information, it was necessary to peruse a considerable amount of bibliographic publications, research papers and internet sources. Further off the theoretical part was enhanced by memories of former nurses who used to work at hospitals after the World War Two and during the communist regime. The nursing profession has being formed since time immemorial and this process still continues. Wars, social and political situation, scientific progress and new knowledge in medicine had a great impact on the foundation of nursing. The nursing profession had to go through a very long, winding and sometimes even thorny journey to get the position of independent scientific discipline, as it is nowadays. The nursing profession routs of in the past. First part of the thesis deals with nursing in the period of the early Middle Ages and describes its first two stages. First stage in nursing dealt with lay nursing care which was performed by family members in their homes. Second stage, charitable nursing, came along with faith in God and Jesus Christ. The church caretakers tended the poorest and needy people in hospitals and poorhouses. A great development in nursing, that also means nursing profession and medicine, was during Crimean War. This period is known as third stage of nursing activity that is the organised nursing. We owe it to Florence Nightingale, Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov and Jean Henry Dunant. These personalities of world nursing gave the nursing profession solid foundation and order. Next part deals with acquisition of professional skills. The origins of nursing education in this country were significantly influenced by emancipation movements in 19th century led by Eliška Krásnohorská and Karolína Světlá who fought for women's rights and education for women. We have to be grateful to these women for establishment of the first nursing school in Austria-Hungary which was founded in 1874 in Prague. The nursing profession gained importance by foundation of this school and professional aiming education of nurses started being to be formulated. During the time until the World War Two it was mainly members of religious orders who cared about the ill in our hospitals. Nursing education was procured by Česká zemská škola pro ošetřování nemocných before the establishment of Czechoslovakia. At the beginning of the First Czechoslovak Republic civil nurses and graduate nurses were gradually integrated into hospitals where they most frequently hold the position of nurses in charge. Further the Bachelor thesis is about social and working conditions of nurses at ward. The conditions, in which the patients were hospitalized, are described as well.Nursing profession in the course of World War Two (1939 - 1945) monitored a specific development. Nuns had to leave hospitals and were replaced by German caretakers. After the war German doctors and nurses were displaced back to Germany. This unfavourable situation was solved by the return of religious orders, but it did not last long. In the 1950´s they had to leave hospitals again and definitively forever.The bachelor thesis further describes the 1990´s which are the years of enhancing the quality of nursing care and led to gradual gaining of independence in the field of nursing.Finally, personalities of Czech nursing care that anyhow, mainly by their work, contributed to the establishment and development of nursing profession are mentioned at the end of the bachelor thesis.
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Children's clothing culture in historical and social contexts
Pitrová, Pavlína ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor)
The theme of my thesis is "Children's Clothing Culture in Historical and Social Contexts". I was interested in how children's clothing culture developed and was formed throughout the centuries, particularly from the middle ages towards the end of the 19th century and how the approaches to children and their clothing were influenced by societal, cultural and economic values. Furthermore I also questioned whether it is possible to outline the changes of children's standing in society through children's clothing culture. I divided my work into 3 main sections. In the first I focused on children as recorded in historical literary sources and iconography. The second section titled "An Outline of Children's Clothing Culture - from the Middle Ages to the 19th Century" covers the historical development of adult clothing in comparison to children's clothing. In the third section "Children's Clothing Culture" I focused on the specific development of children's clothing (from newborns to children of school age) in social and cultural contexts. An additional research questionnaire on contemporary children's clothing is an integral part of my work and it attempts to confront the past and the present. Accompanying images illustrate and support my research. In this work I tried to join a historical ethnological view with...
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Nursing care for children with sculpture ears
MELNYKOVÁ, Milada
The name of the bachelor thesis is ?The Process of Nursing Children with Otoplasty?. Plastic surgery deals with operations of congenital and acquired defects and is concerned with post-operative and post-traumatic conditions. Plastic surgery includes aesthetic surgery, which still continues to grow in importance. The timing of a visit to a plastic surgeon depends on the defect type. Congenital cosmetic defects appear in the period of adolescence. Operations of prominent ears are the most common cosmetic operations. The operation can be carried out disregarding the age. Most often, schoolaged children and middle-aged people are interested. The costs of operation on children up to the 10 years of age are covered by the insurance company. The theoretical part deals with the description of plastic surgery, the history, the description of an operation, pre- and post-operative care and the child age development stage. It also concentrates on nursing care. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to identify the specifics of nursing care of children with otoplasty and the most common complications in relation to this operation. Three research questions were put forward. The research sample included children and their parents hospitalised in a child post-operative and post-traumatic ward. The research was based on semi-standardised interviews, observations and content analysis of documentation. All information was summarised in case studies, in accordance with Virginia Henderson model. In the second phase, the information was verified by means of a semi-standardised interview with a nurse based on interviews with children. The results have identified the most common complications relating to the operation of auricles. As far as postoperative care is concerned, nurses primarily monitor the pain and the patient?s general condition. Furthermore, it followed from the results that parents lacked comprehensive information on the operation. The specifics of care of children with otoplasty include wearing large compression bandage on the head and long-term application of an elastic headband. In consequence of the findings, a seminar for children wards will be held concerning the issues of nursing care of children with otoplasty, and a nursing plan has been worked out for such children.
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Nursing intervencion with middle age patients suffering from arrhythmia.
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Libuše
Current rapid development medical science is already at such level that its aim is to meet need of patients in maximum possible extend and there are significant achievements in modern medical treatment. It does not promise full recovery, however quality of patients life may improve earlier or acute problems can be eliminated on time thanks to early diagnostics, well chosen treatment or early medical action and last but not least approach of entire attending medical staff and professional attitude of a nurse, who is an essential part of complex care, since he/she is often the first one in contact with patients, can recognize a problem and make sure it will be looked at.
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The use of art therapy approaches in working with socially disadvantaged children
SPÁLENSKÁ, Dagmar
Presented dissertation thesis endeavours to specify possible usage and effects of art therapy within visual arts education of socially and culturally disadvantaged children at the setting of primary and secondary schools and in the Children Centre. Theoretical section first clarifies the term "socially and culturally disadvantaged", than presents findings regarding the influence of socially disadvantageous background on social skills, the role of family and education style. One chapter is devoted to the education of handicapped children. This chapter further focuses on importance of creativity for children and on developmental aspects that influence the use of art therapy. Practical section comprises of two parts: Education at Special Primary School, which features a casuistry of a girl with middle level of mental retardation, living in socially disadvantaged family. Her artwork is used to show her cognitive and emotional development. Second part of practical section presents four case studies of children, which due to their family situation had to be placed in Children Centre Strakonice, an intervention facility for children in need of immediate help. First case study features a boy who lived in the Children Centre from one year of his age until the time when he was, based on the decision of the court, placed in Children Home. There he was together with his younger brother, who was located there immediately after his birth. Second case study features a boy who was placed in the Centre by provisionary court decision and returned to his mother's custody after several months of investigation. Third case study presents the artwork of a boy placed in the Centre based on his parents requirement, as they struggled to provide him with proper upbringing. He left the Centre and returned into the family care. Some changes were suggested regarding the parent's approach to the child. The fourth case study concerns a girl, who was placed in the Centre based on her mother requirement. This girl also returned to her mother's custody, who in the mean time gave birth to a second child. Each case study includes a description of individual approach to each child, all based on their individual needs while dealing with their personal situation. This thesis presents specific forms of art therapeutic education in this environment, it's influence on psychological settings and communicativeness of children.
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Motivating and demotivating factors to increase the qualification of nurses
HOŘEJŠÍ, Jana
The bachelor thesis deals with the question of educating general nurses during the transformation period of medical schools. The current condition was set by Act No. 96/2004 Coll. and its later amendments. The thesis contains a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the profession of a nurse and the qualification preparation for the performance of the profession of general nurse. The objective of the bachelor thesis was to determine what motivates nurses to broaden their qualifications. The second, practical part of the bachelor thesis focuses on the finding using a quantitative survey method that determined the attitudes and opinions of general nurses on lifelong learning and how they feel motivated or demotivated to increase their qualifications. The qualitative part of the survey focused on manager nurses with the aim to map the experience of middle management with the changes in the educational system and with motivating nurses to lifelong learning. The research has shown that the respondents consider the lifelong learning as part of their profession. They are sufficiently informed about opportunities of lifelong learning and prefer passive and short-time education. University education is rather marginalized due the time and financial demands. The main motivator for increase of qualification is certainty of the job retention and the main demotivating factor is the high difficulty of study.
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Contribution to knowledge of history in field of nursing in Prague's area
Masojídek, Tomáš ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Kutnohorská, Jana (referee)
Author: Tomáš Masojídek Department: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of medicine in Hradec Králové, Institut of social medicine, Department of nursing. Title of thesis: Contribution to knowledge of history of nursing education in the area of Prague Consultant: PhDr. Daniel Jirkovský, Ph. D., MBA Number of pages: 78 Number of appendices: 2 Session: 2012 Key words: nursing, history, education SUMMARY: The bachelor thesis focuses at historical development of nursing education with emphasis on area of Prague from the Middle Ages to the year 1989. The thesis is compiled by historical - comparative method. The main goal of the thesis was to contribute to the knowledge about systematical education in nursing in the area of Prague. 49 books, journals, and internet sources were used for the thesis.
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Možnost rozvoje střední venkovské obce na příkladu Žabčic
Lemon, Petr
The bachelor thesis is focused on the development possibilities of middle-country municipality Zabcice. It is mainly describing the economic function of the municipality -- its income and expenses, inhabitants, transport, services. The work is also focusing on the biggest economic subjects in the municipality -- A.S.A. company, Moracell, nursing home, Sand Zabcice Ltd. In the part about agribusiness, the thesis is giving a description of the university farm and Czech Union of Allotment and Leisure Gardeners. It is defining the position of the municipality Zabcice within the wider relationship with villages Unkovice, Prisnotice and cities Zidlochovice, Brno. In the practical part, the author is providing group conversation about the possibilities of development of the village and then using SWOT analyzis evaluate the overall view of the village Zabcice.
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Intergenerational opinions on dementia problematics
ŠVAŘÍČKOVÁ, Lenka
In my thesis I have focused on the issues of dementias, in particular on views and knowledge in different age groups. Dementias belong among frequent diseaes in the old age; however in my opinion this issue is very little discussed. In my thesis I have attempted to determine the knowledge and experience in three age groups (the youth until the age of 25, middle age until the age of 45 and pre-senior age, that is persons older than 50 years of age). It has been of particular concern to me if knowledge and awareness if the issue are linked to increasing age. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, I focus on the issues of dementias, from a social point of view in particular: from health field I have attempted to choose the most important information, which is necessary to understand the issue and which should also be mastered by those who care for persons suffering from the disease. In the practical part, I have included transcripts of interview with respondents who answered my questions in connection with the disease. I have chosen a qualitative surfy, method of inquiry and semi-structured interview techniques to obtain the data. Three respondents agreed that I record the interviews and transcribe them in a verbatim manner. These interviews have been transcribed word-for-word including colloquial expressions that respondents used. Other respondents did not agree to record the interviews; their answers have been noted in writing only. From the acquired interviews I have found out that most of the respondents have essential knowledge however they often do not know particular answers or are uncertain of them. I have chosen a male and a female from each generation to represent views of both sexes. I have determined that the knowledge is not linked to age: all respondents displayed basic information about the disease; however it was those respondents knowing or caring for a person with dementia who were able to explain the information better. On the basis of the information I have obtained from the interviews I consider it to be a good idea not only for physicians, organizations (especial nursing homes) but also mass-media to arrange for spreading the important information among all generations.
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