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How to prevent the proliferation of Legionella pneumophylis in hot water in the hospital Czech Krumlov
TUREK, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with microbiological quality of hot water in a hospital in Cesky Krumlov as well as hot water piping condition with respect to Legionella. It also deals with arrangements for improving the quality of hot water in this hospital. The subject and target of this thesis are the findings of the mentioned parameters based on own observations, technical documentation and analysis of warm water performed by an accredited laboratory. The hospital in Cesky Krumlov, the construction of which began in 1909, was built in 1911 as the 'Nemocnice Císaře Františka Josefa I.' As the time went by, new buildings were built up. The hospital was renamed to 'Všeobecná veřejná nemocnice' in 1942. In the following years the hospital expanded until the current condition. Water quality and presence of Legionella is a world-wide issue, which we must fight against. The thesis is divided into two parts. First, theoretical part, which includes both general and specific knowledge about Legionella, its health risks, the environment in which it occurs, possibilities of eliminating, suitability of the material for hot water pipes, gained in professional literature and a part of the Czech legislation dealing with public health protection, the law 'No. 258/2004 Coll.' in actual version and quality of drinking water and hot water. In the second, empirical part, I focus on the situation of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov from 2009 till 2015, concerning newly built boiler room and the whole distribution system of hot water regarding Legionella. Particularly I focused on materials used for ecologisation of the gas boiler room and materials used for hot water pipes and actual state of water distribution in individual buildings of this health care facility. I mentioned the analysis of the water samples performed by an accredited laboratory with corresponding technical documentation, which concerns the water distribution system, provided by the medical facility. I used secondary data analysis to evaluate these documents. Regarding the results from 2009 to 2015 the microbiological quality of warm water doesn't meet the limits defined in the Attachment No. 3 of the above mentioned law Order 252/2004 Coll. Limit value for colony forming units of Legionella is set to maximum of 100 CFU. In most of the samples this limit was exceeded by series of units up to hundred thousands of units. The last results in 2015 prove improvement of the unfavorable situation. In that year the analysis was tested three times. First in February, where the CFU units were 'only' in hundreds, with the top value of 550 CFU in the Postacute Care ward. Second analysis was performed in June that same year. Results were acceptable. The highest value was 64 CFU. Last analysis in the hospital was performed in December. Increased concentration of Legionella was again in the Surgery building. There were established of 1400 colony forming units. There were 300 CFU in the Postacute Care ward and the limit value of 100 CFU was in the ward of Internal medicine. The answers to research questions 'How to prevent reproduction of Legionella peumophylis in the water distribution system of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov?' and 'How to ensure a sufficient amount of quality hot water in the medical facility?' are included at the end of the stated recommendations. A risk factor causing the fast reproduction of Legionella is the old water distribution system in most of the buildings and low water temperature of water leaving the boiler, which is 55°C. All mentioned results and evaluations are included in this thesis as well as attached pictures, which show the environment and situation within the Health Care Institutions.
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Reintroduction of endangered vertebrate species in the Czech Republic
Prokorátová, Vendula ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
Reintroduction process, often also called repatriation, restoration of populations of
a certain species in areas where this specie was toner occurred. This work is focused on the evaluation of reintroduction, including problems that accompany it and its history. For succesfull renew of the population shall the reintroduction program have three phases. First of them is the reintroduction efore the surfy and the preparation phase. Following phase is the achal lunch of the species into to wild and final phase of reintroduction project is the follow-up care and monitoring. Reintroduction program should always involve experts from various disciplines and not only in science but also in sociology and specialists to communicate with the public. The success is also given by the cosi of these projects. Problems associated with re-introductions are several. Important thing is to select appropriate species for reintroduction which is not easy especially because of public opinion. Professional basis for the selection of species is the Red book but public opinion is in reintroduction programs very important and can be decisive. Attractive species get preference from the public view especially mammals and birds. Furthermore there are examples of successful reintroduction in the world in this work. The main par is focused on individual species of vertebrates which are relaesed into the wild in the Czech Republic: Ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus, Lyns Lynx Linch and Ural owl Strix uralensis. Each of these species is described in detail and it also includes conservation activities and cause sof Langer or extincting of species. Some organizations which are dealing with emergency programs in particular are also briefly mentioned.
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Analysis and evaluation of landscape changes - case study Ricany
Bělunková, Šárka ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
In this study is researched historical development of the Říčany landscape. Using stable cadastre maps, aerial photographs from 1953 and current aerial photographs is researched the development of the landscape elements. Further the spatial analyzess of defelopment these landscape elements are performed. Based on scientific texts and in cooperation with the Museum of Říčany city are discussed causes of identified landscape changes. The greatest changes were observed in arable land. In this landscape element decreased the total area from 63,40 % to 38,69 %. In this place, there occurred mainly for the development of built-up areas (from 0,76 % to 10,42 %) and urban green areas (from 1,20 % to 18,17 %). On the other hand, the most constant remained the forests. This area was increased by only 1,84 % and their spatial area kept almost unchanged. The data collected in this work could be used theoretically and also practically. Theoretical use consist in understanding of the functioning of landsccape changes. Practically, the results could be used by the municipal authority as a basis for various landscape adjustments of the Říčany city.
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Occurence reflection and seletction criteria of social issues in the regional television reports
KRONIKA, Ondřej Alexandr
This thesis focuses on the incidence of social issues in news reports, broadcasted by regional television stations operating in the South Bohemia Region from 2009 to 2012. Mixed research was used to investigate the number and content of the reports (quantitative part of the research) that are related to the social sphere. The research, according to number of reports, defines their ratio to other topics. Content analysis then examines what topics of social work are preferred by the media. Information subsequently served as the basis for interviews with the editors ? in chief of the surveyed television stations (qualitative part). Respondents in their statements make clear running of television stations and the criteria by which selected topics for coverage are selected, as well. Besides editor ? in chiefs´ attitudes towards the presentation of social work in the media, the interviews publish factors than can promote the presentation and vice versa the criteria that act against mediation of social issues. Within the framework of the ethical dimension of work, the interview also focuses on issue, if an editor´s personal belief, regarding the importance of presentation of social topics, can influence the occurrence of this issue in the news, despite professional standards and values that do not support such kind of presentation. Interview can find out whether editors do not feel a dilemma or what is decisive, in preference to either personal attitudes or professional standards. As a form of the thesis was picked out a form of a theoretical work. This work is, in independent chapters, devoted to just the areas of ethics, social work and media. A chapter that deals with the direct relationship between social work and media forms a theoretical part of the thesis, as well. Besides the definition of basic concepts, theoretical part provides a background for research, presents some research files, categories for investigation and also arguments for the formulation of hypotheses.
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Winter Density of House Sparrow in Different types of Rural Settlements along the Czech – Austria Border
Oberpfalzerová, Michaela ; Zasadil, Petr (advisor) ; Šmejdová, Lucie (referee)
From the point of view of the Czech Republic in the last 80 years we can specify two periods, which had a significant impact on the general character and development in agriculture. The first period can be traced to the 50s of the last century, in which the concentration of agricultural production headed towards to factory farming. The second one began at the beginning of the 90s. At that time a sharp downtown of animal production occurred and the sooner concentrated production began, after the regaining by previous owners, to erode into what it is today private agriculture.
This thesis aims tocontribute to a confirmation of rejection of the hypothesis that the above described changes have a negative impact on the selected avian species. These species are represented by significantsynanthropic birds: house sparrow (which is a crucial representative in this thesis), tree sparrow and collared dove. Thirty municipalities were chosen to emphasize the differences in quantity of these species, half of them located on each side of the border with the Czech Republic and Austria. The comparison of quantities of bird populations took place in the surroundings of the cities Znojmo and Retz.In this thesis the Republic of Austria acts as a country which has not been burdened by a substantial economic development and which has applied the continuous market economy since the end of the Second World War.
In the individual squares the numbers of the representatives of the studied species and the environmental characteristics were recorded during the winter period. The significant differences in the numbers of birds at selected locations were demonstrated using a multifactor ANOVA STATISTICA 12. Moreover, the impact of selected environmental variables on the abundance of observed species was also analysed. It was found that the selected species depend on an inclusion into the individual states as well as on a classification into various biotope types. Finally, the dependence on the area of trees and bushes, the proportion of new buildings and the presence of poultry in the square were also observed. The most numerous species in the Republic of Austria was the house sparrow, the most abundant species in the Czech Republic was the collared dove. A slight increase in the occurrence of the collared dove was recorded in both states. Tree sparrow as a species occurred in relatively large numbers, but only locally. It was found that the populationsof the above mentioned species were generally more numerous in the Austrian municipalities. An interesting fact is that most of the observed individuals in the Czech Republic occurred in village built-up areas rather than in agricultural premises, as it was initially estimated.
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An analysis of land fund of Domažlice district
Hovorka, Jan ; Janků, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the land in Domažlice. In this border region is experiencing significant changes in land use and thus to changes in the structure of the landscape. The work focuses mainly on the protection of soil and landscape structure in that region. It deals with not only trends in land, but the whole system of processes that changes in land fund raises. Therefore, it is also engaged in the wider context of spilling over into other areas.
In the introductory section readers outlines the social significance of soil and land resources, but also the landscape and its structure. The following describes some of the processes that occur in the country, including their impact. The following section is devoted to real estate records (katastrům), their importance and fundamental historical changes in the register of real estate. He also records of agricultural land. Subsequently also describes factors that affect the status of the land fund of the Czech Republic, including state policy and the European Union. There is described a land market and the price of land in the Czech environment. The whole chapter is concluded by a brief description of the historical development until now. The literature search should provide an overall view of issues, including relations with adjoining areas.
Another part is devoted to the identified region Domažlice. There are analyzed the conditions and diversity of this region and its historical development, because only with such knowledge can achieve an objective assessment of the issue. It also established a methodology for the job.
Part of the results is devoted to the results of background and results of individual investigations, which are in the following section compared with current scientific knowledge and partly to the socially accepted attitude.
The conclusion summarizes the results of this thesis and provided the achievement of hypotheses that have been identified in the introductory part. There are also problems outlined and possibly offered the best solution. Part of the annex is devoted to image the documents, which illustrate the text part.
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The Benefits of Green Spaces
Těťálová, Zuzana ; Souček, Josef (advisor) ; Marek, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis with the theme of The benefits of green spaces deals with the benefits of green space and their value.
The main part of the thesis is a literary review summarizing the theme of the benefits of green space and the methods of their evaluation. The first part of the review focuses mainly on the identification of the functions of green spaces in an urban environment and a closer look at their effects, utility and functioning. In this section the effects of the phenomena that occur in urban environments and which are suppressed thanks to green spaces are also analyzed. The second part of the review is devoted to the importance of evaluating green spaces and their benefits and further to methodologies, which are discussed in detail.
The following section analyzes the evaluation methodologies and their positive and critical points are identified. This section also divides the methodologies according to their relevance in the Czech environment, which is specific and the methodologies developed in the Anglo-Saxon context cannot be applied without modification. This chapter also compares data sources needed to develop a methodology for evaluating the benefits of green spaces.
In the fifth chapter of the thesis, a methodology for calculating the economic value of the benefits of green spaces in the city is created, based on the knowledge gained in the literature review. The methodology combines methods from various sources and adjusts them to the Czech context. It also examines the data sources needed in order to set up the whole balance sheet.
The sixth part deals with the discussion, in which is the summary of the data, which arise from the assembled methodology and compares them with the literature and the application of similar methodologies in other territories.
The conclusion summarizes the information obtained in the research and suggests other possibilities of their future use.
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Trichurids in ruminants from Czech Republic.
Antošová, Tereza ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
The goal of this paper was to determine rate of presence of whipworms of genus
Trichuris in bodies of selected ruminants (sheep, roe deer) in certain areas and to morphologically state different species of whipworms using molecular revision and professional literature on samples found during helmitological dissections of selected ruminants. Two hypotheses were stated: H1: species that are found in highest volume in case of roe deer and sheep are whipworms Trichuris discolor and Trichuris ovis H2: these whipworms can not be positively distinguished when using morphometrical methods.
Material needed for the study, i.e. the intestines of examined ruminants, was recovered in different areas of Czech Republic. Later were the intestines dissected in a laboratory using standardized procedure and hereby collected samples were analysed.
Based on selected methods it was determined that in roe deer the rate of occurence of Trichuris discolor is much higher compared to that of Trichuris ovis. With sheep the difference between rates of presence is smaller. These results confirm the first hypothesis by showing high rate of presence of whipworms in these hosts. Collected females of genus Trichurids were morphometrically differentiated by their sex and in 4 morphotypes. Following this differentiation, the most present were the females of morphotype M2, those with a vulval opening without an everted vagina. The second hypothesis was also confirmed.
Multihosting species Trichuris discolor and Trichuris ovis are prevalent in the bodies of roe deer and sheep. Thus we can say the roe deer are a potential source of whipworm contamination to sheep breeding. It can not be excluded that sheep are infected by roe deer and vice versa. Molecular determination is a necessary tool for correct assessment of whipworm species, considering the fact that morphological methods may lead to incorrect results.
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Problems in application on free access to information
Jirovec, Tomáš ; Vopálka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Prášková, Helena (referee)
Problems in Applying the Free Access to Information Act1 By integration of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms into the "constitutional order"2 , the Czech Republic declared the acknowledgment of the principles of democratic legal state. Wording of the Charter is in accordance with the most relevant international documents on human rights, therefore it also anchors the right to freedom of expression, closely related to the right to information as the significant means of controlling public administration by engaged public. The diction of article 17 (5) shows that the change in the conception of public affairs administration occurred when the discrete administration was abandoned for the administration publicity principle which ought to be implemented with maximum of openness and transparency. The right to information has found its statutory expression in the Act on Free Access to Information that was passed in the year of 1999. The passivity of the Czech Republic government in regulating the field of providing information forced a group of senators to draft the bill that was finally passed as the mentioned act. The fact that the text of the law did not originate in the government, which has an extensive legislative apparatus at its disposal, is one of the circumstances causing that the...
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Impact of the Regional Labels on Regional Develepment in Vysočina Region
Chalupová, Martina ; Lošťák, Michal (advisor) ; Zagata, Lukáš (referee)
The dissertation thesis is focused on regional food labelling schemes in Vysočina Region and their impact on regional development, from the consumers perspective. Chosen economic and social aspects were analysed: the quality and content of the information on the regional labels in media, preference of regional food among inhabitants of Vysočina Region, their regional food preferences and awareness of regional labels. The research was conducted in two phases. Content analysis of media aimed to analyse media presence and occurance of the characteristics attached to each regional label: VYSOČINA Regional Product and Regional Food Vysočina Region. The other research had quantitative design and aimed to determine level of awareness of the labels among Vysočina inhabitants. To test the ability of respondents from Vysočina Region to recognise and differentiate the labels, the author created non existent label From Our Region Vysočina. Media analysis of the Vysočina regional labels revealed that media may help build awareness about the labels as they have been informing about them continuously, but they emphasise that these labels signal above all quality and origin, diminishing special connection with the region and its tradition. The research of regional labels awareness showed that respondents do not pay attention to the labels as almost 24% of 819 respondents claimed they had already seen non-existent label. This could be a viewed as a sign of the food labels inflation with their rising number and very low differentiation it is impossible for the conumers to differentiate them and also that people do not pay attention to them. Further analysis confirmed that respondents preferences and views on the regional labels from the Vysočina districts differ.
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