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A historical view of the army nurse profession.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the profession of a military nurse. We can assert that the official study of military, non-medical health-care related qualifications and its use in practice not only for military purposes dates back to the fifties of the last century. However, women as health care professionals, consequently in uniforms, have always been an actual issue. The development of health care activities always existed, however, we must not neglect influence of scientific and medical findings. The historical timeline of development of medical care in the battle field was recorded and ranges from pre-historical healing. The way of Christian medicine was negatively influenced by the Catholic Church. The dark period of the Middle Ages had actually wrested medical performance from the hands of specialists and the suffering were left to the "tender" mercies of the priests. The following part of the thesis concerns modern medicine where enlightenment reforms were exercised. Some of the original six-month courses for military surgeons were organised in this period of time; they weretransformed into Military Surgical Academy, out of which the famous Josefinum originated. A expression of humanity which supported a form of health care of war veterans was demonstrated by constructing buildings for invalid people. The second half of the nineteenth century is characterized by the phenomenon of the presence of nuns in military hospitals. This study goes further in depth of professionally organized healthcare right in the battle field, which dates back from the era of wars in the Crimea.This stage describes the transformation of caring into nursing which requires the necessity of specialized preparation of persons providing nursing practice. In addition, Henry Dunant engraved himself into the history of the profession of a nurse, as the founder of the Red Cross, who first trained health care professionals for working within armed intentions of the state. The continuation of this action sketches out the process of providing first aid in principal armed conflicts of the twentieth century. It describes the functioning of commander operated military health service of that time. WWI drove Czech medical staff to both sides of the front where they provided medical help to the injured. Nurses of the WWII already performed their duties in uniforms as the rightful members of the army. The thesis also mentions post-war usage of military health care professionals in secret foreign missions and their specialized erudition.Last but not least, it marginally discusses contemporary possibilities of modern health care service of the Army of the Czech Republic. The goal of the endeavours of writing this thesis was to chart out clearly the development of the profession of a military nurse within the historical context, focusing mainly on women coming from Czech regions. In order to make the history background concerning specific female participants of the world war conflicts understandable to the reader, this paper reports, in broader extension, peculiar medical and nursing findings, already from the era of prehistoric civilisations. The history study method were applied for the purpose of the theoretical thesis. The methodology is based on searching, studying, sorting and the consecutive systematic objective describing of the events from the past times with the intention to propose comprehensive report on the subject given. It was necessary to study inexhaustible amount of sources to obtain awareness of historical connections. Factual information was derived by analysing of primary and mainly secondary documents. The thesis sketches out histories of military health care and the profession of a military health care professional stemmed from the exploration of appropriate written sources and conclusion of the basic findings. The intentions of the work are not only to clarify the past but also to contribute to solutions of every-day issues.
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Coping strategies in children´s fear and pain in relation to nursing care
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Zuzana
For the nurse, taking care of hospitalized children is important not only pediatric nursing knowledge, personal and social preconditions, but also the theoretical and practical competency of methods and techniques, which are used for identification and effective influencing of pain and fear. The aim of this thesis was to identify the main sources of fear of the hospitalized preschool and young school age children and to find out the effective methods and principles of the cooperation with children, alternatively with their accompanying parents in order to moderate the fear of the small patient. Then the thesis tried to chart the nursing diagnostic and evaluation procedure of the pain and get the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief. To obtain the necessary data, the qualitative research was used with a semi-structured interview as a research instrument. The first research group consisted of 12 nurses, the second group consisted of 12 children ´s patients of preschool and young school age. The majority of the asked nurses thinks, that children´s patients are afraid especially of non-familiar environment, then of the awaited pain and of the solitude without parents. However, the most patients said, that they were afraid especially of pain, then of non-familiar environment, restriction of their needs, hostile attitude of the medical staff and of the other neighbouring patients. They were also frightened of the death and of the darkness. Most reported nurses mean, that the most effective solution of the children ´s fear is the friendly attitude of the medics. They also mentioned the fact of taking the focus off the fear and the presence of the parents is also beneficial. The nurses ´ answers were in conformity with patients opinion in two fields - friendly attitude of the medics and taking the focus off the fear. Then the children mentioned abiding of their specifics in connection to falling asleep and the demand of beying treated by the same sister or by few same sisters. All respondents also talked about the benefit of parents presence. Regarding the principles of the cooperation, nurses answered the importance of united medical procedures, especially the proper way of information transfer. Then the respondents nurses mentioned the psychical and emotional support for children and their accompaniments, the atmosphere of confidence and the value of well done education. Also the need of calm, silence and privacy was stated. Unlike nurses, children and their parents regarding to principles of the cooperation prefer the psychical and emotional support, then the importance of enough information was mentioned. The fourth research question bears on the methods used for children pain monitoring. The nurses said, that the intentional interview with the patients or with the parents was used as a main technique, that was stated by patients as well. Research question number five said: What are the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief at children? Most responded nurses mentioned the distraction of children attention from the painful incentive, then the importance of physical methods, relief position and purposeful preparation for the unpleasant intervention. Nurses also named the helpful contribution of the parents, relaxing exercises and the method of imagination. Regarding the pain treatment, it was noted, that all patients prefered the analgesic therapy. Then they quoted the distraction of their attention from the painful incentive, the friendly attitude of the medics, using the ice compress and the relief position. In the pain acute phase, children required mostly calm, comfort and privacy. All children also considered the presence of parents as very helpful. The theoretical and empirical part of the thesis are suitable for being studied by nurses taking care of children and it can be helpful for nursing quality improvement at children ´s wards in hospitals.
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Poliomyelitis and contemporary issues of its eradication
PETRÁŇOVÁ, Monika
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the eradication of infectious polio and its current problems. Polio is a highly infectious disease of viral origin. The most effective form of protection from the disease is vaccination. The main aim of this work was to determine the major issues in polio surveillance in the Pilsen region at present. Intermediate goals were determined in relation to the main aim: to ascertain the awareness of practicing paediatricians about the principles of poliomyelitis surveillance with an emphasis on diagnosing and reporting cases of acute palsy and further to ascertain the quality of the cooperation between the locally competent public health authority and practicing paediatricians in the field of poliomyelitis surveillance. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The practical part was elaborated using a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with practicing paediatricians and with the locally competent public health authority. The research was participated in by 9 practicing paediatricians and one public health authority worker from the Pilsen region, with an average length of practice of 20 years. The resulting data was then evaluated by a coding method and divided into schemes according to Švaříček and Šeďová (2007). Three research questions were defined based on the set aims: RQ1: What do practising paediatricians see as the prime problems in polio surveillance? RQ2: How many cases of acute palsy do practising paediatricians record and subsequently report to the competent public health authority? RQ3: What is the quality of the cooperation between practising paediatricians and the locally competent public health authority? The research revealed that, according to the practising paediatricians, the problem in poliomyelitis surveillance is refusal of the vaccination and the associated decreasing immunisation coverage of the population. The next most commonly reported problem was population migration. Furthermore, it was found that not one practising paediatrician recorded or reported cases of acute palsy in their surgery. Only one respondent encountered acute palsy 10 years ago. The answer to the last research question is also apparent from the information obtained. More than half of the respondents agreed that so far there is no cooperation on this issue. Although four respondents stated that the cooperation is at a high level and is of very good quality.
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Pick´s disease and the specifics of the nursing care of a patient with this disease
KOPKAŠOVÁ, Lenka
Pick's disease is a degenerative-atrophic process that primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Besides Alzheimer's disease, it is a lesser known form of dementia which affects people of younger age. Although the exact range of Pick's disease occurrence varies in the literature, the average reported age is between 50-60 years. The disease can change eating habits, cause emotional swings, inappropriate behaviour and sloppy appearance of the patients. The behaviour to others is often selfish, the patients are unable to listen to others and ignore their surroundings. Pick's disease is also characterized by inappropriate sexual behaviour. Globally, the number of dementia patients is still growing and according to expert guesses the increase will continue. Nursing care for patients with dementia is therefore becoming a very actual topic as dementia is called a quiet epidemic of our century. Nurses in their departments quite frequently encounter patients suffering from dementia of various origins at different stages of disability and the staff at healthcare facilities often regard these people as a burden. The aim of this thesis, which is called Pick's Disease and Specifics of Nursing Care for Patients with this Disease, is, based on the theoretical knowledge, to map definitions and diagnosis of Pick's disease, to define the needs of such a patient, and to list the most common problems in the nursing care. It focuses on people with dementia within medical facilities. For proper understanding of the problem, the thesis starts with the anatomy and physiology of the brain and the description of cognitive functions which are affected by the dementia syndrome and the definition of dementia. Based on the studied literature, dementia is divided according to various criteria. It has been found out that dividing dementia is not entirely uniform, but the essential facts and overall opinions of the authors do not diverge. Pick's disease belongs to a group of frontotemporal dementia and its position in this group has changed over time, as it is recorded in the literature. The thesis includes recommendations resulting from the studied literature in the approach to patients with dementia and emphasizes personal communication with the patients and empathetic and humane approach. Although medicine cannot prevent dementia, an early diagnosis of a specific type of dementia and correctly targeted treatment can increase the quality of life not only of the patients but also of their families. I have chosen this topic because I find it very current and interesting. During my nursing practice at the Surgery Department and Aftercare Department, I have met patients suffering from dementia and I did not know how to properly and efficiently communicate with them. For the theoretical part of my work, the methods of explanation, synthesis and induction on the basis of Czech and foreign information sources have been used. The most frequently quoted Czech authors in my thesis are doc. MD. Roman Jirák, PhD., the head of the center for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease at the psychiatric clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague, the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University. This thesis can serve as an informational and educational source both for nurses and the general public who may experience the disease within their families. It would be considered a great success if it helped nurses or family members to diagnose Pick's disease or other dementia at an early stage.
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Evaluation of selected municipalities management
Faustenová, Kateřina ; Homolka, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of selected municipalities management. The theoretical part explains the issue of municipalities financing and their budgets. Furthermore, the basic characteristics of selected municipalities is presented, therefore of the municipality Svojetice and the municipality Struhařov, both lying in the district of Prague-east, approximately 30 km from the Capital city of Prague. In the practical part of the work is evaluated and compared management of both municipalities in the reporting period 2010 - 2015 and their overall financial situation. Through the own research there is also evaluated and compared the level of development of municipalities depending on their management. In conclusion are summarized the most important results and knowledge arising from the research and are designed measures contributing to the improvement and streamlining of management in the following years.
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Evaluation of selected municipalities management
Faustenová, Kateřina ; Homolka, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of selected municipalities management. The theoretical part explains the issue of municipalities financing and their budgets. Furthermore, the basic characteristics of selected municipalities is presented, therefore of the municipality Svojetice and the municipality Struhařov, both lying in the district of Prague-east, approximately 30 km from the Capital city of Prague. In the practical part of the work is evaluated and compared management of both municipalities in the reporting period 2010 - 2015 and their overall financial situation. Through the own research there is also evaluated and compared the level of development of municipalities depending on their management. In conclusion are summarized the most important results and knowledge arising from the research and are designed measures contributing to the improvement and streamlining of management in the following years.
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Optimization of Conversion Process of Financial Statements Compiled in accordance with Czech law regulation to Financial Statements by IFRS
Novotná, Dagmar ; Stárová, Marta (advisor) ; Marta, Marta (referee)
As the name of the thesis suggests, its main objective is based on the optimalization of financial statements prepared pursuant to Czech precepts of law to financial statements pursuant to IFRS (Internation Financial Reporting Statements). The main objective was achieved by partial fulfilment of the objectives, which include analysis of the key differences between the financial statements of the two mentioned accounting systems.
Withdrawals were mainly from the accounts and financial statements of the enterprise of SXX s.r.o., the accounting and consolidation of the company´s internal standards and guidelines consolidated whole. The company is a part and an entity of consolidated whole who is one of the world´s leading system suppliers of carton packaging and filling machines for beverages and food. The company transforms dates from its accounting system in the consolidation package, which also operates the parent company. In the light of the analysis were finally processed separate financial statements of the company under both laws.
The contribution of the thesis is as outlined in the foundations of theory and practical examples of recognition of selected operations on the actual company, their transformation and the final recognition by the two accounting system.
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Evaluation of revitalisation of green vegetation on the square in the town Dobříš
Melšová, Tereza ; Jakubcová, Eva (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the revitalization of green vegetation at the Mirove square in the town Dobris. Revitalization took place in 2012 and its main purpose was to revive and attractiveness of the area. The condition was to preserve the original character of the square.
As part of this thesis is done monitoring of the project with settings the most important points that had an impact on the recovery of the area. Explored is for example the financing of revitalization, architectural competition and management of urban green areas in Dobris.
The main essence of evaluation is analysis of greenem which was performed before starting the revitalization and after its completion. It describes the health condition of trees, their aesthetic value and composition of vegetation, which was solved by the project. Based on the dendrological report is evaluated the management of greenery, which was ensured by the city untill the start of the project.
Described is street furniture and all landscaping which was applied in the renewal of greenery. Included are radical adjustments like felling of selected trees, but also a minor health interventions.
In conclusion there is proposed recommendations for possible adjustments. They are entered in the design of solutions that can be used to improve the project. The recommendations are designed to improve representativeness and functionality of the entire revitalization project in the investigated area.
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The Issue of Misrepresenting the Information in the Accounting and the Manipulation with Accounting Reports - Creative Accounting
Samuhelová, Šárka ; Kuchařová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hana, Hana (referee)
Creative accounting is a summary of all practices which distort the company's financial situation, and is associated with almost every accounting fraud. This application is designed to misrepresent the financial reports and bring the desired result, it is not simple and requires proficient professionals who work on their practices using accounting regulations, legal or illegal steps to enable them to cheat in accounting.
The thesis deals with a case study of financial statements manipulation, which are divided into three steps depending on the severity of manipulation and their subsequent penalties under the Accounting Act no. 563/1991 Coll. and the Criminal Code no. 40/2009 Coll. The main objective is to answer the questions of the impact and manipulation of financial statements between the selected companies on the amount of income tax and influencing their financial situation after the performed manipulation.
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The financial analysis utilization for selected company´s economic results
Kestlerová, Petra ; Tomšík, Karel (advisor) ; Eva, Eva (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the financial analysis utilization for selected company´s economic results. Its aim is to assess the situation of the selected company with use of indicators of financial analysis during the reporting period of time 2008-2013 and on the basis of these results to formulate recommendations for possible improvements in problematic areas.
The introductory part summarizes the theoretical knowledge in the field of financial analysis, defines its characteristics and purpose, sources of information for its processing and describes the methods and tools used by it.
In the practical part the selected methods of financial analysis are applied to the selected company. All calculations of the indicators are processed into charts and the development of some of them is supplemented with graphical representation.
Based on the resulting values there are conclusions and recommendations designed in order to increase the efficiency of the company.
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