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Renaissance concept of perspective and ways of its presentation
PROCHÁZKA, Jan
The bachelor thesis consists of theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part will cover the perspective basics, especially the invention of so called linear or analytical perspective in renaissance. The text will also tackle didactic approach to this issue. The practical part builds on the theoretical part. It's aim is to create a serie of three presentation boards (minimal size - A1), which will intelligibly and freshly summarize the theme of linear - analytical perspective, and also present a graphic approach, which will be attractive for pupils in lower-secondary schools. The work will take into account the pursuit of a new didactic approach and quality graphic design.
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Exploring the Population Characteristics of Direction-Selective Ganglion Cells Across the Retinal Space
Svatoň, Jan ; Paštěka, Richard (referee) ; Jösch, Maximilian (advisor)
V minulém století byl vynaložen značný výzkum na pochopení, jak jsou vizuální informace kódovány neurálními populacemi a jejich obvody. Celkový obraz, který vyplynul z tohoto úsilí, naznačuje, že vizuální informace jsou nejprve zpracovány složitými obvody v sítnici a následně přeneseny do vyšších mozkových struktur. Ukazuje se, že sítnice i mozek si vyvinuly pozoruhodně sofistikované výpočty pro extrakci těchto informací. Funkční studie těchto neuronálních transformací byly prováděny pomocí elektrofyziologických nebo zobrazovacích technik. Tyto techniky omezovaly analýzu prostorových specializací sítnice, a to buď počtem dostupných elektrod (v elektrofyziologii) nebo velikostí zorného pole (FOV) (v zobrazovacích experimentech). Pro ukázku – záznamy aktivit gangliových buněk sítnice (RGC) byly omezeny na relativně malou oblast (~ 200 x 200 um2) za použití nejmodernějších zobrazovacích technik. Ve své diplomové práci jsem prozkoumal nově vyvinutou metodu využívající FOV, která je 40krát větší ve srovnání s FOV konvenčních optických metod, což mi umožňilo překonat toto technické omezení. Práce využívá tuto novou zobrazovací metodu k prozkoumání populačních charakteristik směrově selektivních gangliových buněk (DSGC) v sítnicích myší. Replikací již známých populačních vzorců jsme verifikovali, že naše nová zobrazovácí metoda funguje. Práce dále zkoumá účinky pomocných látek pro zvýšení míry infekce RGCs. Tyto pomocné látky tak mohou potenciálně usnadnit nezaujaté zaznamenávání aktivit RGCs. Práce navíc představuje nový stimul pro inspekci receptivních polí (RF) RGCs. Tento nový stimul překonává konvenční stimuly používané v současných studiích jak v rozlišení vyprodukovaného RF, tak v nezbytném čase prezentace stimulu a otevírá tak dveře pro následující studie, které mohou poprvé popsat distribuční vzorce receptivních poli napříč sítnicí a zlepšit tak klasifikaci buněčných tříd.
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Strain Stress Study of Burch-Schneider Split
Řehák, Kamil ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis deals with problems of the hip endoprosthetics area, namely total endoprosthesis (TEP) with Burch-Schneider (BS) split, in which there are many problems in clinical practice. The hip joint load depends on the patient weight and the performed activity. Sedentary job, little exercise, a lot of stress or poor eating habits and overweight associated with it affect negatively hip joint. Increasing hip joint wear and its pain in movement is necessary in several cases to be solved by a surgical procedure in which TEP is applied. When selecting and subsequently applying individual TEP, it is important to pay attention to creating conditions which will allow good fixation. In case of worse mechanical properties of bone tissue, it is very problematic to ensure stability of the implant. Based on several classifications which assess the degree of hip joint damage, it is possible to select a suitable TEP. The BS split, on which this work is focused, is dominantly used in cases of large defects in the acetabulum area. The use of this cage allows to bridgelarge defects and create a new centre of rotation of the hip. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of hip bone tissue can significantly affect the prediction of BS split damage. For this purpose, it was necessary to perform a biomechanical study, which is focused on the influence of worse mechanical properties of bone tissue on BS split failure. The computational modelling using finite element method implemented in the ANSY S software was used for the solution, which enables to solve the mechanical interaction between bone tissue and TEP with BS split. Due to the absence of bone tissue data before application of TEP with BS split, the variants before application of TEP and after application of resurfacing and standard TEP were solved. All variants were solved with the material properties of bone tissue that were determined based on CT images. In addition, all variants were solved for the case of degraded mechanical properties. Based on the numerical simulations results and the Mechanostat hypothesis, a bone tissue analysis of the hip joint was performed before and after application of TEP and TEP with BS split. The results show the influence of the computational model level, which considers the distribution of bone tissue through the inhomogeneous model of the material. Therefore, the degraded mechanical properties have a major impact on the stability and strain of the BS split, particularly in the cranial part of the acetabulum.
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Degenerative changes in the cervical spine with a focus on the intervertebral disc prolapse and its verification using imaging methods and 3D model
Píglová, Tereza ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine with a focus on the intervertebral disc prolapse and its verification using imaging methods and 3D model Objectives: The aim of this work is to describe the problems of degenerative changes in the cervical spine with a focus on the intervertebral disc prolapse. The second part deals with the possibility of imaging methods that are able to detect pathological processes. Part of this work is the study of three cases of patients with a diagnosis of disc herniation. In conclusion, there are some possibilities of 3D modeling of the cervical spine. Methods: The theoretical part is based on the available literature. Images from MRI were obtained from medical facilities in Prague, described and assessed by a specialist. After studying the functions suitable graphical programs were created 3D models of the cervical spine. Results: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine naturally come from the aging of the organism, but a number of modifiable factors accelerating the onset. Among such factors include especially hypokinesia and unilateral overloading of cervical spine. Modern imaging techniques can in detail detect these pathological processes, but are limited by the patient's position during the investigation. The resulting series of images are used as...
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The use of imaging techniques in the examination of the spinal canal
LEHOVCOVÁ, Daniela
The bachelor's thesis deals with the description of the individual imaging methods of vertebral canal. Presentation of indications concerning the individual imaging methods. Description of what is the task of radiology assistant when conducting them. To reach the objectives of the bachelor's thesis, the following sources were used: study of specialized literature, monitoring of the individual practices at the radiology work places and department of nuclear medicine, practical execution of certain examinations under professional supervision, and consultation of the concerned issue with the physicians and radiology assistants of the respective work places. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the anatomy of vertebral column and vertebral canal. Certain parts are documented by pictures. The pathological states affecting vertebral column and vertebral canal are briefly mentioned here. The practical part describes the individual imaging methods of vertebral canal with regard to basic principles and practical procedure. The individual examinations are described by pictures. In addition, the task of radiology assistant is described by pictures. In addition, the task of radiology assistant is described here in steps when executing individual examinations and the indications are presented concerning the individual imaging methods. The answer to the research question "What is the task of radiology assistant when examining vertebral canal using the individual imaging methods?", is: not substitutable. Radiology assistant conducts before the examination, in the course of it, and after its termination, a number of activities necessary for its completion. Also the communication with patients and the whole health care team is the important part of his/her work. The bachelor work can serve as the initial information on the imaging methods that are currently used when examining vertebral canal, indications of the individual methods, and provision of radiology assistants with the assistance when conducting individual examinations.
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Biomechanical Studies of Facial Bone
Valášek, Jiří ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Horyl, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.
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Biomechanical studies of facial bone
Valášek, Jiří ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Presented work deals with Biomechanical study of the facial skeleton. This work is focused on the fixation of the mandible after removal of a tumor from affected bone tissue. The aim of the work is to perform biomechanical study of the facial skeleton with subsequent detailed stress strain analysis of two mandible implants designed and manufactured for specific patients. The geometry model of mandible used for design of mandible implants and used for computational modelling has been obtained on the basis of CT data of two patients. A Theoretical-Clinical sub-study that deals with the comparison the CT data processing which is necessary for creating the model of geometry is a part of the thesis. Two models of mandible with applied mandible implant have been created for two specific patients with tumorous mandible bone tissue. Stress strain analysis has been performed for these two models. Results of the stress strain analysis of two models of mandibles with mandible implants are presented in the final chapters of the thesis. Findings of the biomechanical study have been published and applied in clinical practice.
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Development of Imaging Methods and its Importance to Biomechanics
Sedláček, Tomáš ; Houfek, Martin (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to collect all available literature, from which can reader obtain basic knowledge of imaging methods. The methods are divided by its origin into four categories: x-rays, magnetic resonance, ultrasound and nuclear medicine. Each of them is described from the historical, physics and technological view. At the end the importance of each method to medicine and biomechanics is summarized.
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Imaging methods in assesment of the scoliotic children spine deformities
HLADÍKOVÁ, Ilona
Long-term effects of static load and lack of physical activity in children leads to the formation of poor posture, which is nowadays more and more often. Orthopedic deformity arising in childhood is usually reflected the after-effects in adulthood. It is useful and important these deformities early recognition and capture in order to prevent the progression of many diseases. In that radiology has an irreplaceable role. The work entitled " Imaging the investigation scoliosis spinal child deformity" approaching the issue of damage to children´s spine scoliosis mainly children, and thein investigation by imaging methods. At the beginning of my work, I reminded the anatomy and physiology of the spine. Then I described the division and types of scoliosis. The rapid development of imaging techniques and new in the last few decades have brought about changes in imaging the spine. I described the principle of the methods that are applied in the examination of the spine. Great progress for the entire radiology and changes in working practices radiology assistants brought digitization. Therefore, for the mention in my work and I compare it with conventional analog radiology. Investigation of children have thein own characteristics and pediatric radiology I devoted a separate chapter. In chapter radiation protection, I described the basic principles of protection against harmful ionizing radiation, I mentioned the valid legislation, the basic units and quantities in radiation protection. The aim of my thesis is to test children´s scoliosis spine, to compare the frequency of examination methods of diagnosis. As the second goal I set to compare the radiation exposure in children´s spine examination on an analog meter compared to tests on digital devices. The first objective is building on the hypothesis that even today, despite the development of new diagnostic methods such as CT, MR, ultrasound, radiographic examination remains the priority children´s spine. The second objective I hypothesized that due to the digitization of the radiation dose to the patient during the examination decreased. Quantitative research was conducted at University Hospital Motol. Number of examined children´s backbone has shown that the vast majority of children with deformities of the spine radiography was investigated. Hypothesis number one is hereby confirmed. To meet the second objective, I selected group of 30 children diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis, which in 2008 was on the unit Chiralux 2 (6a) conducted an analog image of the spine. In the same way, I chose a group of 30 children examined in the first half of 2013 on the same site digital radiography unit at Siemens Ysio 2 Fluorospot Compact. This was possible because in 2009 there was a baby Radiodiagnostics FN Motol direct digitization. The parameters used in tests I averaged a further mathematically processed. Hypothesis number two was also fulfilled, since calculations have shown that the examination of the spine digital radiography, radiation to the child about 31,3% lower. In my work I have in addition included the calculation of radiation doses received by the mammary gland during radiographic examination of the spine in the AP and PA projection. It turned out that the values are significantly different. This finding is in terms of radiation protection relatively important, since the ICRP in its recommendation to increase the value of tissue weighting factor for the mammary gland. Investigation of children imaging using ionizing radiation is the radiation dose to the child. Radiology assistant by its qualified work experience and contribute to this burden is as low as possible.
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