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The role of trehalose in mycorrhizal associations
Šoch, Jan ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a widely spread phenomenon in nature. A translocation of nutrients occurs between symbionts with disaccharide trehalose playing a key role in the process. However, this saccharide fulfils many important roles in metabolism of fungi and plants. Fungi use trehalose mainly as storage and transport saccharide. On the other hand, trehalose occurs in extremely low amounts in plants where it acts as a signal molecule. Thus it is likely that the saccharide could be used by the fungus to manipulate plant metabolism on a physical interface between symbionts. Trehalose has a similar function in many parasitic interactions. In most cases of mycorrhizal associations trehalose synthesis creates a carbon sink in mycelium which leads to saccharide transfer from the host plant to the fungus. Completely different situation occurs in the types of mycorrhizal symbiosis, where saccharides are translocated from a fungus to a plant. Some plants can utilize trehalose effectively as a sole source of energy. Consequently, the question raises - could such plants gain fungal trehalose on purpose as a source of energy and carbon? This review aims to assess and discuss the mentioned possibilities considering available literature. Key words: mycorrhiza, orchids, parazitism, saccharides, sink, symbiosis,...
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The process of translocation in Ostrov nad Ohří (Schlackenwerth). The origin and development of the church of St Jacob and the church of St Nicolas according to the urbanization
Šídlová, Andrea ; Scholz, Stefan (advisor) ; Záruba, František (referee)
The thesis should notice the time when the two churches arose by looking back at the historical situation in the 13th century Premyslid Bohemia. Furthermore, we will try to evaluate the social, legal and property situation of the given area, and it will monitor the development and building. The work is given a chapter on the administrative area of Sedlecko to point out conflicts of interest of Czech kings and Roman rulers in this territory and the formation of the state historic town of Cheb and between the 12th and 13th century. The origins of Ostrov agglomeration is linked to the family of Hrabišic. The following chapter discusses their family, their asset base and foundation. The main part is devoted to the translocation and the relocation of settlements from the center of the parish church of St. James to St. Nicholas. The reason was, as it was previously shown, an unsatisfactory position of the original settlement for its further development, which was necessary for the competitiveness of the local market center. It subsequently evolved into a town. This situation culminated in the privilege of King John of Luxembourg. At that time a new and relatively big church was being built which replaced the church of St. James. It was a part of the settlement and farmstead of the family of Hrabišic and...
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Significance of MLL gene aberrations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Šárová, Iveta
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), predominantly in AML M5a, the most frequent recurrent aberration of chromosome 11 involves region 11q23. Molecular breakpoint studies of several translocations involving chromosomal band 11q23 led to the detection of a gene that was named MLL (myeloid/lymphoid leukemia). This gene is important for the proper HOX gene expression during ontogenesis and hematopoiesis. Chromosomal aberrations affecting the MLL gene occur in 5 - 10 % of AML cases and are very variable. Since that time, more than 70 different translocation partners of the MLL gene have been described. Aberrations of the MLL gene are associated with an aggresive type of the disease and its detection is needed for the treatment decision. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of MLL abnormalities in bone marrow cells of the 66 newly diagnosed AML patients, using conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses with a commercially available MLL Break Apart Rearrangement probe (Abbott VYSIS). Out of the 66 patients, we proved MLL abnormalities in 9 (13,6%): 5 (7,6%) showed translocation of MLL gene, in 3 (4,5%) we detected MLL gene amplification without any evidence of rearrangement and in 1 (1,5%) pacient only an extra copy of the MLL gene. The FISH results were verified by...
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