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Transplantation stool in a patient with Clostridium difficile - intervention nurses
PENZKOFER, Jana
This Bachelor's thesis focuses on nursing interventions in a patient with clostridium difficile during fecal microbiota (or stool) transplantation. The main aim of the thesis was to determine nursing interventions during fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient with clostridium difficile. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part theoretically describes fecal microbiota transplantation and nursing care for a patient with this diagnosis. The second empirical part concentrates on knowledge of nurses and their approaches to this issue. The theoretical part deals with nursing and epidemiology in general and also with principles of barrier nursing care. Next, it describes the anatomy and physiology of the colon, clostridium difficile and the diseases it causes, fecal microbiota transplantation and nursing care for a patient with clostridium difficile. The empirical part is based on research carried out by interviews with nurses working in a teaching hospital and in a general hospital. The interviews were analysed and categorized. The results of the research survey helped to answer the following research questions: What are the specifics of nursing care for a patient with clostridium difficile? What are the specifics of collecting stool from a donor? How can be stool transplanted? How is the patient prepared for the procedure? The results of the research show that the nursing interventions in teaching and general hospital differ in certain categories, especially in the category called "Nursing tasks before and during the procedure". Nurses in the teaching hospital are assisted by doctors during the procedure, while nurses in the general hospital are responsible for preparation of the transplant material and the whole stool transplantation. In conclusion, clostridium difficile is a very dangerous pathogen for humans, especially because its toxins can cause diseases that can put people at risk. It is difficult to treat and affected patients can develop recurrence. However, the bacteria and their toxins can be detected thanks to reliable laboratory methods in order to start early antibiotic treatment and subsequent fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Effect of intestinal microflora on the activity of higher brain centers
Arnold, Tomáš ; Hock, Miroslav (advisor) ; Melkes, Barbora (referee)
Abstract Intestinal microflora consists of large bacterial community that resides in the intestines, especially the colon, and lives in symbiosis with the host. It consists mainly representatives of the four bacterial strains (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria). It has already been shown that the proportional representation of the bacterial strains in time does not change much, but the research of the last decade have shown irrefutable effect between the change of diet and composition of the intestinal microflora. In addition, there is evidence of changes in the representation of bacterial strains in the course of development of certain intestinal pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease. More and more are starting to emerge papers describing the influence of altered intestinal microflora respectively its representatives, on the activity and function of the CNS. This interaction of the digestive system and CNS seems to be bidirectional and mediated by several different pathways. Finally, it shows that dysbiosis of the intestinal microflora promotes anxiety and depression that can lead to the urge to prematurely terminate life. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive view of this relatively young, but also very interesting...
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Gastrointestinal ekosystem and probiotics
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Zuzana
Intestinal microflora is a postnatal acquired organ. Its metabolic activities are comparable with liver metabolism. Intestinal microflora, the mucosal immune system, and the intestinal mucosal barrier constitute a highly integrated complex, the gastrointestinal ecosystem. The full morphological and functional maturity of individual components requires interactions marked with a brittle equilibrium. Probiotics have been defined as viable microorganisms that (when ingested) have a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of specific pathologic conditions. The probiotics stabilize the functions of individual components of the gastrointestinal ecosystem and contribute to the constitution and preservation of the physiological equilibrium. Using of the probiotics have the prerequisites to become a new method of biological therapy.
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Probiotiká a prebiotiká v prevencii a liečb porúch tráviaceho traktu
Strnadová, Ivana
The bachelor thesis deals with probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of disorders in the digestive tract. In the first part of the thesis, probiotics and prebiotics are defined, as well as their requirements that must be fulfilled, their production and the mechanism of action. In the first part of the thesis, probiotics and prebiotics, their requirements that must be fulfilled, their production and the mechanism of action are defined. Subsequently, probiotic products, of which probiotics are the most common (such as fermented milk products, fermented hard salami, fermented vegetables), are described. The next section focuses on the intestinal microflora and the gradual development of selected diseases affecting it and for which probiotics have shown to be beneficial in the prevention or treatment.
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Probiotics and their importance in human nutrition
Formanová, Kristýna ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
A great deal of immune system is located in the colon thanks to a large number of microbs that influence not only digestive tract of a human. The contact of these microbs with the digestive tract of a human is very important for other development of immune defensive mechanisms and the natural immune response, which supports health of a host. That is why in recent years a great deal of attention and efforts have been paid to possibility of human health status improving by a modulation of the intestinal microflora. As probiotics are indicated living microorganisms, that can have positive effects on human health and some species, for example Saccharomyces boulardii, have positive effects in prevention and treatment of many diseases associated with diarrhea. The company Valosun a.s. has provided for testing the probiotic food supplement which is suitable in acute diarrheal disorders. This product has been tried by patients of gastroenterology ambulance. The aim of sociological survey was to map knowledge of respondents in the field of probiotics and probiotic food supplements.
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Importance of probiotics in child's nutrition
Augustová, Kamila ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
With great advances in science, medicine and knowledge of a man at the high level of treatment. However, even today the humanity seeking to return to its roots - the nature and use it to maintain its good health. The term probiotics is meant by living organisms that are capable of resettling in the human intestine and have a positive impact on maintaining healthy intestinal microorganisms, which also reflected the positive effects on human health in general. Company Valosun a.s. provided for testing probiotický food supplement for children, which was tested mothers with children preschool age and pregnant. The aim of our sociological survey was to determine what is the awareness of the issue of probiotics in this group, the perception of the queried the availability of probiotics and what are the most common reasons for their use.
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The inclusion of fermented dairy products in the diet of secondary school
VOLMANOVÁ, Miloslava
The theoretical section of the Bachelor Paper deals with the production of milk, kinds of milk and the processes applied to produce milk. Special attention is paid to the Fermented Milk Products (further only FMP), their types and processes of manufacture. The practical section surveys the consumption of milk and FMP, paying also attention to the general awareness of FMP among secondary-school students within the Czech Republic. The last section concentrates on the physiology of digestive tract, its structure, and on the benefits that fermented dairy products may have for human health.
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The importance of probiotics and prebiotics in diseases of childhood
JERKOVIČOVÁ, Diana
The major goal of this thesis was to explore and summarize the issue of the importance of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of disease in childhood in the form of theoretical work using a variety of literary sources, both Czech and foreign. The most important prerequisite for proper physical growth, health and psychosocial development of the child is good nutrition. The simplest and most natural way of feeding babies is breast-feeding. Breast milk is absolutely perfect composition, optimum temperature and protects infants against various infections and allergies. The colonization of the intestinal microflora, which affects among other things, our immune and digestive system, begins to occur during childbirth (vaginal and fecal microflora from its mother), and from breast milk or the environment. The settlement is delayed if the child was born by Caesarean section. If infants are only breastfed their intestinal microflora is composed of 90% of healthy bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Probiotics are referred as living organisms (bacteria and yeasts) which have shown positive influence on the health of the host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics in pediatric practice has tripled over the last ten years. The most used are bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and / or activity of certain strains of intestinal microflora. The first area of concern of the effect of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in children were atopic disease whose prevalence in recent decades, greatly affects the whole society. In case of atopic dermatitis and food allergies there are number of optimistic studies that demonstrate the positive effect of combination of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics), on the other hand, there are studies on this issue which are rather skeptical and do not confirm this positive effect. Convincing results come from the area of diarrhoea. Regarding acute diarrhoea that are in children caused mainly by rotavirus, was observed clearly positive effects of probiotics, which occur to shorten the duration of rotavirus diarrhea to about 40 hours, or to reduce the number of stools and the duration of diarrhea by approximately one day, and especially where there has been the early administration. Similarly, in a majority of cases the positive impact of the use of probiotics for diarrhoea associated with antibiotic treatment, especially during simultaneous use. Regarding inflammatory bowel diseases, favorable results are achieved in particular in the case of ulcerative colitis, which is the use of a positive effect of probiotics in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate inflammatory activity comparable to drug treatment, but in Crohn's disease, a positive influence is entirely clear. Positive results also come in necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. However, these results are difficult to interpret because studies. Very similar results in the effects of probiotics and prebiotics are in the prevention of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants. Although showing some positive effects, particularly in infants with very low birth weight, there was a positive effect of probiotics or prebiotics in different studies fully demonstrated and it would be desirable to assess the safety and effectiveness of future research. It would be necessary to examine which specific types of probiotics should be used and in what dosage. In general, therefore, could be said that despite all the optimistic results of a positive effect of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, there is the need for further research, that this positive effect is confirmed or refuted.
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Probiotic bacteria and their health importance.
ČAPKOVÁ, Martina
Nowadays probiotics and their positive effect on human health is often discussed topic. Their positive effects on the immune system and intestinal flora are proven scientifically. In recent years, potential effects of probiotics in prevention and treatment of diseases have been the centre of interest. Despite this fact public doesn´t have enough information about effects of probiotic bacteria. The theoretical part deals with a conception of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, their features, effects and applications in food and health benefits. The practical part mentions results of public awareness of probiotics. 240 people, devided into 4 groups, took part in this questionnaire survey.
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