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Vertebra detection and identification in CT oncological data
Věžníková, Romana ; Harabiš, Vratislav (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
Automated spine or vertebra detection and segmentation from CT images is a difficult task for several reasons. One of the reasons is unclear vertebra boundaries and indistinct boundaries between vertebra. Next reason is artifacts in images and high degree of anatomical complexity. This paper describes the design and implementation of vertebra detection and classification in CT images of cancer patients, which adds to the complexity because some of vertebrae are deformed. For the vertebra segmentation, the Otsu’s method is used. Vertebra detection is based on search of borders between individual vertebra in sagittal planes. Decision trees or the generalized Hough transform is applied for the identification whereas the vertebra searching is based on similarity between each vertebra model shape and planes of CT scans.
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Image segmentation of spinal disc in medical imaging
Meloun, Jan ; Nemček, Jakub (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This thesis is focused on segmentation of intervertebral discs in images from two medical imaging modalities - computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Theoretical introduction of the thesis describes intervertebral disc herniation and relevant imaging modalities. It also includes description of basic and advanced segmentation methods. For practical part of the thesis, three different segmentation teqniques (one for CT data and two for MRI images) have been chosen, implemented and applied on images acquired at Radiodiagnostic department of Havlíčkův Brod hospital. The segmentation quality has been assessed quantitatively for individual methods by comparing the segmentation results to manually created reference segmentation of intervertebral discs.
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Stress-strain Analysis of Chosen Spinal Fixation Device
Prášilová, Eva ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
The degenerative and traumatic injuries of a spine are very frequent. In those cases it is necessary to stabilize the corresponding spine segment using a spine implant. The spinal implants are rigid or flexible, the latter known as dynamic ones in medical practice. In this thesis, the problems of the physiological spinal segment and the segment with implant were solved using the computational modelling (finite element method). Computational model consists of 4 lumbar vertebrae L2 – L5, intervertebral discs, joints and spinal implants. The spinal segment was loaded by the force 400N and 200N, than by force 200N together with bending moments 2,5Nm and 5Nm depending of the motion. The displacement of the whole system, contact pressure of cartilages, equivalent strain in cancellous bone and equivalent stress in the implant were analyzed. The deformation of the physiological model and the model with the implant are comparable, but the bone tissue of the model with the implant is dramatically more loaded in vicinity of the screws.
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Machine learning based method for medical image generation
Hrtoňová, Valentina ; Chmelík, Jiří (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of generative adversarial networks for the synthesis of medical images. Firstly, artificial neural networks are described with a focus on convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks. Applications of generative adversarial networks in medicine are reviewed, and selected publications on the topic of medical image synthesis are described in more detail. Furthermore, multiple models of generative adversarial networks are designed and implemented in the Python programming language. First is a model of the deep convolutional generative adversarial network and the model „pix2pix“ for the generation of skin lesion images. Moreover, the „pix2pix“ model is used for the generation of both axial and sagittal CT images of the spine. Finally, the results of generating medical images using generative adversarial networks are presented and discussed.
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Effect of spine on stresses in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Lisický, Ondřej ; Horný,, Lukáš (referee) ; Polzer, Stanislav (advisor)
This thesis deals with stress strain analysis of an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) and the influence of its contact with the spine on the extreme wall stress. The influence was tested on the idealized geometry, as well as on ten patient specific geometries obtained from computer tomography (CT-A) scans. Hyperelastic constitutive models were used for the AAA wall and intraluminal thrombus (ILT) tissue description. The prestress algorithm was used for reconstruction of the unloaded geometry to get more trustworthy results against the geometry from CT which was obtained under the blood pressure. Statistical analysis was used for the results evaluation. The maximal increase of peak wall stress was as high as 81 %.
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Implementation of a deep learning model for vertebral segmentation in CT data
Blažkova, Lenka ; Nohel, Michal
This paper deals with the problem of vertebral segmentationin CT data with the use of deep learning approaches.Automatic segmentation of vertebrae is a very complex issueand would simplify the work of radiologists and doctors. Thepaper is focused on one of the models published and submittedto the Large Scale Vertebrae Segmentation Challenge (VerSe) in2020 from C. Payer et al. – Improving Coarse to Fine VertebraeLocalisation and Segmentation with SpatialConfiguration-Netand U-Net and its implementation and modification. The modelis evaluated on the corresponding public and hidden dataset. Itsmodification shows an improvement of the results in comparisonwith the published results, a mean Dice score improved from0.9165 to 0.9302 on the public dataset and from 0.8971 to 0.9264on the hidden dataset.
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Implementation of a deep learning model for vertebral segmentation in CT data
Blažková, Lenka ; Chmelík, Jiří (referee) ; Nohel, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the problem of vertebrae segmentation in CT data with the use of deep learning. Firstly, there is a theoretical review focused on the anatomy and the pathologies of the spine and the vertebrae, the CT systems, and the deep learning models for vertebrae segmentation in 3D data. The following section contains a more detailed description of the chosen model. The fifth section describes the implementation of the chosen model and the proposed modification, together with the results on the relevant database. In the end, the model with the modification is used on the clinical data provided by the supervisor and its evaluation is described.
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Spinal trauma in terms of pre-hospital care
VAŠÍČKOVÁ, Denisa
This bachelor thesis topic is the pre-hospital care about the patient with spinal trauma. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate used algorithms of paramedics during the first contact. This thesis contains of theoretical and research part. Theoretical part is focused on anatomical and physiological relationships which are neccesary to understand because of complexity of spinal trauma. Detail view on anatomy of spine and spinal cord is introduced same as the mutual topographical relationships. Following that general pathophysiology of spinal trauma is briefly pointed out same as the most common causes of this injury. For complete overview thesis also contains basic diagnostical procedures and spinal trauma classification. For the pre-hospital care remains the most important part precise collecting of patient history and evaluation of situation on site. Imagine methods and clinical examination is the most important steps for final diagnostics in the hospital. But this thesis major focus is targeted on the pre-hospital care. Because of that it also mentions cooperation between integrated rescue system members and their imobilisation and transportation equipment. Research part has two goals. First one is to find out methods and algorithm used by paramedics. Second goal is to analyze their equipment. For this was used qualitative research study. Data were gathered by semistructured questionnaire and its outcomes were analyzed by method of coding. Representative sample was picked with method of snowball among paramedics of Rescue servis Vysočina. After data evaluation was found that participating paramedics are all well educated in the recent rescue guidelines for spinal trauma. Small surprise was that most of them prefer to use manual extraction methods to extraction equipment which seems to be too complicated for fast use in the field. The most prefered equipment was cervical collar and vacuum splint. Other equipment was used rarely according to specific situation. As the conclusion it can be said that methods and equipment of Rescue service Vysočina follows latest algorithms and guidelines. Yet crucial remains professional attitude, following evidence based medicine triads and personalized medicine.
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The influence of yoga on patients with scoliotic posture in sedentary type of work
SOPKOVÁ, Daniela
Subject of this Bachelor Thesis is an impact of yoga on patients with the scoliotic posture in sedentary type of work. Content of the Bachelor Thesis consists of theoretical as well as practical aspects. The theoretical part defines terms such as the scoliotic posture, sedentary job and yoga. Particularly, the theoretical part involves examination procedures testing the scoliotic posture, methods and concepts of the scoliotic posture treatment as well as its correction and, last but not least, impact of yoga on the scoliotic posture based on outcomes of current research and studies. Objective of the thesis is summarization of the theoretical knowledge relating to the scoliotic posture and the sedentary type of a job. Additional aim was based on outcomes of elaborated casuistry of patients that resulted in an exercise unit creation consisting of some elements of yoga and monitoring of particular impact of the established exercise unit on the scoliotic posture of the observed patients. The practical part consists of qualitative research that includes elaborated casuistries of three patients at the age of 30 to 50 years with the sedentary type of jobs who suffer from the scoliotic posture. Component parts of the casuistries represent taken medical anamneses, input and output of kinesiology analysis, a therapy schedule and course of the therapy description. Based on medical outcomes an exercise unit with some yoga elements was compiled, which took place in the form of group exercises once a week for 3 months. Throughout the therapies accomplishment the scoliotic posture improvement, pain and discomfort relieve, and the breathing stereotype change was observed. These facts imply that the yoga therapy has a positive effect on the scoliotic posture. This presented thesis could serve as an educational material for students of physiotherapy, yoga instructors as well as the general public.
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Possibilities of spa treatment in patients with Bechterew's disease
HOŘEJŠÍ, Petr
The bachelor thesis deals with possibilities and influence of spa treatment on patients with Bechterew's disease. The work consists of the theoretical and research part. Slatinné lázně Třeboň s.r.o. was selected to find out all the possibilities of spa treatment and a more detailed description of individual procedures, in which the research part was performed. The theoretical part describes the anatomical structures, kinesiology of the axial system, knowledge about Bechterew's disease, definition of the disease, clinical symptoms, examination and diagnosis itself. Subsequently, all treatment options for patients with Bechterew's disease are listed. The research part contains the description and effects of all spa procedures that are prescribed to patients with Bechterew's disease. There are also case reports of specific patients with the above mentioned disease and their course of physiotherapy. The aim of the work was to conduct a survey of the possibilities of spa treatment, to find out the effect of treatment. A qualitative form of research was used to achieve the set goals. All the important information have been obtained in cooperation with spa health professionals as well as due to a kinesiological analysis and detailed interviews with specific patients.
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