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Pastoralism in the East Tatras national parks. Cultural and ecological context in present
Bohušová, Ivana ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Ložek, Vojen (referee)
Shepherd's expansion into the Eastern Tatras valleys started latest in the 14th century. The peak of the pastoralism was Walachian colonization in the 16th century. Shephards usually used to drive out their herd (to pasture) to an altitude over 2000 meters above the sea level. The damage caused by grazing has grown to such proportions that pasturage was prohibited in some areas. After the establishment of the Tatra National Park the pastoralism in the High Tatras and Belianske Tatras in Slovakia was completely banned. In Poland shepherding was recovered in the form of cultural pasture, which is being regulated under strict conditions to prevent damage to the environment, after about 30 years long pause in the territory of Tatrzański Park Narodowy. The main objective of my thesis is to find out whether it would be possible to bring back the grazing to the territory of the Tatra National Park. If yes, then under what specific conditions, with what advantages or disadvantages, in its comprehensive perspective, not only natural but also socio-cultural. I took inspiration from the cultural pasture in Poland, and I was interested in the negatives of regulated grazing as well. I made my research in the form of semi-structured interviews with experts and with general public. The results of the empirical...
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The Shepherd as the Anthropomorphism for God
Pospíšilová, Petra ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (advisor) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis "The Shepherd as the Anthropomorphism of God" is to clarify the role of the shepherd in antiquity and today and to present this knowledge in the use of the shepherd's anthropomorphism in biblical texts by means of literary research and comparison of texts, exegesis and reflection of own experience. In the introductory chapters we focus on the person of the shepherd, his characteristics, where special attention is paid to the shepherd's staff, as it also has an abundant biblical metaphorical use. The role of the shepherd in antiquity, in biblical texts and today is also discussed. Attention is also paid to the metaphor of the shepherd in ancient mythology, the use of this metaphor in various religious cults and its content. From a similar point of view, grazing animals are viewed, especially sheep, and special attention is paid to the role of the lamb in biblical texts. But we also talk about pigs and goats as pastoral animals. The following chapters first deal with anthropomorphisms in general, followed by chapters from specific biblical books where anthropomorphism is used. The texts are divided according to their inclusion in the Bible - first, Tanach texts are discussed, where the most common occurrence of anthropomorphisms is in the prophetic books. The next...
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Development of vascular substitues for low flow peripheral vascular reconstructions
Mitáš, Petr ; Špaček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Štádler, Petr (referee) ; Rohn, Vilém (referee)
The development of vascular replacement for low flow rates is a topical issue. The model for developing the development of replacement properties, which are based on the idea of assuming the characteristics of the biological model - vena saphena and programming these properties into a model of constructed replacement is one of the possible directions of development. The presented replacement, which is the result of the work of the author's team, consists of three parts - a non-absorbable scaffold representing the media, and two absorbable collagen layers - pseudointima and pseudoadventice. Target parameters of the prosthesis were determined by test results of the basic physical testing method - uniaxial tensile test and inflation-extension test, as well as other procedures in human saphenous specimens. The key issue is the technology of producing the collagen layer of the prosthesis. However, other manufacturing processes can also have a significant impact on vascular prosthesis properties, such as collagen hardening, antithrombogenic treatment of the inner surface of the vascular replacement, and the use of a sterilization method. Furthermore, the author deals with the development of a new female component of the three- layer vascular prosthesis of the Czech carp, which is characterized by lower...
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Vliv maedi-visna viru na reprodukční ukazatele ve vybraném chovu plemene šumavská ovce
OUŘEDNÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of maedi-visna on reproductive indicators in selected Šumava sheep breeding. Serological test ELISA was accomplished in the evaluated herd, and its results were used for comparing reproductive rates of healthy and infected ewes. Maedi-visna disease was proved in 16 out of 193 samples (8, 29 %). Statistically significant influence of maedi-visna was shown in indicators such as age of infected ewes and number of reared lambs. For other indicators (number of live birth lambs, lambs weight in 100 days, occurrence of sterility, mortality and stillborn lambs) higher success rate was observed in maedi-visna negative ewes, however these findings were not statistically significant. Maedi-visna is incurable disease and most important tool how to avoid this disease is preventive protection of the sheep breedings.
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Sledování morfologické stavby vemen a mléčné užitkovosti u plemene zwartbles
JIŘÍKOVÁ, Anna
The bachelor thesis deals with the monitoring of morphological structure of the udders and the milk performance of the zwartbles sheep. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to obtain and evaluate data in 10 pieces of zwartbles ewes together with monitoring of weight gain of lambs born from them. As for the evaluation of the udder morphological structure, there were no udder-deficient ewes or poor mammary health in the evaluation group. The control of milk performance shows an increase in lactation and an increase in lamb gains, so milk performance has been satisfactory for the needs of the farmer with the aim of lamb fattening.
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Vyhodnocení reprodukce v chovu ovcí clun forest
KLEČÁKOVÁ, Martina
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate reproduction indicators (percentage of pregnancy, fertility, intensity, total rearing, reactivity, rearing of lambs born and total lamb mortality), their comparison over the years and the average in the Czech Republic. The influence of the age of the mother on fertility and the proportion of sheep according to the frequency of litters was also evaluated. Monitoring was carried out in breeding sheep clun forest (at 30 ewes) at Studnice farm from 2015 - 2018. In the monitored reproduction indicators, there was a statistically significant effect (P 0,01) only in the fertility of the herd in question for the period 2015 - 2018. This was caused by higher fertility differences in the first two years on average by 10% between selected breeding and average in the Czech Republic . For the past two years, fertility was on average 25% lower than the national average. When assessing the effect of maternal age on fertility, the highest fertility rates were in three-year-old (174%) and four-year-old sheep (168%). The effect on the highest fertility rates was the highest number of lambs born (about 2 lambs per sheep). Since the third year of age fertility has fallen until the fifth year. Then there was a slight increase (the number of born lambs in the sheep (1.5 lambs) increased) and the lowest fertility (133%) was found in seven-year-old and older sheep, when the number of lambs was also decreasing. Based on the above data on the effect of age on fertility, a statistically highly significant effect (P 0,01) was observed in the observed breeding for the years 2015 - 2018.
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Maedi visna - genetic aspects of susceptibility/resistance in sheep
ŠTOIDL, Petr
The aim of this research is to evaluate the rate of correlation between Maedi-visna sheep disease and the polymorphism on 35th position of the gen for TMEM154 transmembrane protein. The incidence of Maedi-visna disease was evaluated using serological ELISA method at the State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, and for TMEM154 gene polymorphism detection, molecular PCR method was used. This research proves correlation between Maedi-visna sheep disease and the gene polymorphism for TMEM154 transmembrane protein. The main contribution of this research is the possibility to eradicate Maedi-visna virus by eliminating sheep with less resistant genotype.
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Problematika výživy masného typu ovcí plemene Charollais
SAMCOVÁ, Eva
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to elaborate the issue of feeding Charollais sheep type meat during the whole year and associated processing of nutrition system in individual season, feed and preserved feed, rams. The best feed element appears to be a pasture with plenty of fresh forage and the movement of sheep in the fresh air, which helps them to develop muscle and contributes to the good performance of the meat. Sheep are mainly reared in our country for meat, milk, skin and wool. I practiced at Kostelec Farm to get valuable information about feeding and feeding Charollais sheep. During this practice, I took 1 kg of feed (feed for sheep and goats) in the form of granules to test the dry, nitrogen, ash, coarse fiber and fat content of the test. Based on this, I compiled a table with the resulting values and compared it with the actual data.
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Vybrané faktory ovlivňující plodnost plemene zwartbles
STAŇKOVÁ, Dana
The aim of this thesis was evaluate fertlility of the Zwartbles sheep in zhe flock of sheep breed by Mrs. Marie Schickerová. In the reporting period of 5 years (2013 2015) were a total of 429 ewes evaluated by the followinf parameters: fertlization, reproduction intensity, total rearing. Basic reproductive parameters were compared with the flocks originating from the Union sheep and goats of the Czech Republic. They were monitored factors that have or may have an impact on fertility. The first factor was the impact of age on fertility, selected second order lambing and the last was the influence line. The average fertility of the herd reached 197,13%. The average share of fertilization was assessed at 94,01%. Sterility reached the level of 5,99 %. The amount of the total breeding herd stood at 164,67%. Intensity of production reached 185,24 %.. Based on calculations, it was found a hightly significant effect of age and rank lambing fertility. Influence line was not clearly demonstrated. Statistical evaluation of indicators of fertility, the intensity of reproduction, fertilization and overal breeding showed differences in the average monitored herds compared with herds in the performance tests. In the observed herd these values were significantly higher.
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Mléčná užitkovost plemene lacaune ve vybraném chovu
CHODCOVÁ, Anna
This thesis deals with the influence of age of lacaune breed ewes on milk performance, influence of parity and influence of stage of lactation on milk performance in terms of the milk yield and the content of individual components of milk. Further was evaluated the influence of rams on milking. Data from farm Statek Horní Dvorce s.r.o. were used and data from Svaz chovatelů ovcí a koz z.s. were used too and entries from years 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, when the milk performance was monitored by method AT. The influence of rams on milking has not been fully demonstrated. For the four comparing lines, the statistically significant difference was only between LINUX and LUPIN, and only in one year of performance control over the three years compared. From the point of view of the influence of age on total milk yield in the studied farm, fat and protein content of lacaune breed increased with increasing age, whereas the lactose content showed a decreasing trend. The influence of parity had a significant effect on the monitored parameters of milk. With an increasing parity, the protein content was slightly increased, the fat and lactose content decreased. Ewes on the second lactation showed the best results in milk yield, since the third lactation was recorded in milking a decrease. The influence of stage of lactation on milking and on the content of individual components of milk was also significanted. With prolonged lactation the milk yield and lactose content were decreased. The fat and protein content has been shown to increase with the increasing of the stage of lactation.
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