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Population Structure of African Populations Inferred from Alu Insertions.
Fajkošová, Zuzana ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
The population genetic study was carried out on 188 unrelated individuals from 5 populations of the Sahel. Relationships of nomadic Fulani to sedentary populations of different linguistic backgrounds and geographic origins were inferred from 16 polymorphic Alu insertions. Bayesian clustering approaches could be applied due to biallelic multilocus nature of the data. Fulani were shown to be divergent from neighbouring sedentary populations (Kassena and Mossi) and similar to Somali of East Africa. In context of already published genetic data, these results could be interpreted as Saharan origin of Fulani diaspora that was caused by Sahara drying out around 6 000 BP. After this initial migration of nomads to West Africa, a primarily female gene flow (integration of females) must have influenced the Fulani population. In contrast to Fulani, Songhai have shown a signal of recent admixture in concordance with historical and linguistic assumptions. KEY WORDS Alu insertions, Fulani, population genetics, Sahel
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Klimatické změny a výzvy rozvojových zemí s cílem směřujícím na Sahel
Nohelová, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the development of climate change in the Sahel belt of Sub-Saharan Africa. The thesis is focused on West Africa including Mali, Niger, Mauritania, Senegal and Chad. The challenge is to use two composite indicators, which will then be evaluated in table and graphical form in the five-year period that also typify the economic and environmental situation in the region. It will also study the effect of climate change on agricultural land, its transformation and yield in terms of food security. The results obtained from the theoretical and analytical part will identify possible suggestions and recommendations for better measures to reduce the impact of climate change on selected countries of the Sahel.
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Degradace půdy a potravinová bezpečnost v oblasti Sahel
Bartoňová, Eva
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the condition of land degradation and food security in the Sahel region. The thesis is divided into three sections: the theoretical and practical section and the proposal. The first part is dedicated to description of the soil types, the main factors of degradation, which affect the quality of soil, and the means of measuring food security. The second section follows the data from theoretical section and presents the analysis of the soil quality, the proportion of agricultural land from total area of the country, the agricultural production and food security with focus on health condition of the population. The situation is analyzed in the selected countries of the Sahel, specifically Mali and Niger. The proposal describes the changes of state policies in the area of agricultural production, the procedures against land degradation and low level of food security in accordance with sustainable development.
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