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Purification of reverse osmosis concentrate using advanced oxidation processes
Bačovská, Leona ; Lev,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis investigates the possibility of using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of surfactants in laundry wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate. The theoretical part offers an up-to-date perspective on the treatment and disposal of reverse osmosis concentrate and laundry wastewater treatment, and further explains the principle of AOPs. In the experimental part, sodium dodecyl sulfate was selected as a model anionic surfactant. The degradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate was monitored in distilled water, in artificial laundry wastewater and in a real concentrate. All experiments were conducted on a semi-operational AOP unit and the following three reaction systems were used: UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3. The effectiveness of all three mentioned systems was demonstrated, with a degradation in sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration of 68 – 69 % in distilled water and 53 – 56 % in artificial laundry wastewater. In the real concentrate, the UV/H2O2 system was the most effective system when there was a 73 % degradation in anionic surfactants.
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Use of recycling membrane technology for industrial waters
Vykydalová, Adéla ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the recycling technology of industrial wastewater – more precisely, the laundry industry. The semi-operational pilot unit of ASIO TECH was used for testing this technology. The unit includes membrane processes – ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and flotation process. There were 8 physico-chemical parameters selected for assesing the quality of wastewater and treated water. The tested semi-operational unit is suitable for cleaning laundry wastewater. The purified water can be used in the next washing process or for the water source for the steam generator.
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Classification of concentrate from membrane processes
Vespalec, Jan ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The Master’s Thesis deals with the classification of concentrate from membrane processes, specifically reverse osmosis concentrate. Membrane technology was used in two locations, namely a wastewater treatment plant location and an industrial laundry location. The reuse of water by using membrane processes requires consideration of the management of the concentrate further on. The concentrate may be concentrated to the point where it is not meeting the legally defined limits. The goal of this work is to determine whether reverse osmosis concentrate can be discharged to the surface water/sewage system and whether it is a hazardous waste or not. The conclusion of this work is that the monitored parameters occurring in the reverse osmosis concentrate are over the limits to be discharged to a surface water/sewage system but are below the limit for classification as hazardous waste.
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Evaluation of concentrate from pressure-driven membrane processes
Vejlupek, Petr ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the concentrate from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTTP) and its disposal in the legislative power of the Czech Republic. The concentrate was sampled from UF-RO system. Common parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved and undissolved solids, nitrate anions, nitrite anions, ammonium cations and chloride anions were determined. In the RO concentrate COD were determined from 16 mg/l to 33 mg/l, BOD5 were determined from 5,04 mg/l to 5,43 mg/l, concentration of dissolved solids were in the range of 1,19 g/l – 1,61 g/l, concentration of undissolved solids were in the range of 5 mg/l – 17 mg/l, concentration of ammonium cations were in the range of 0,24 mg/l – 2,56 mg/l, concentration of nitrite anions were in range of 0,15 mg/l – 6,50 mg/l, concentration of nitrate anions were in the range of 50 mg/l – 175 mg/l and concentration of chloride anions were in the range of 100 mg/l to 300 mg/l. It was determined that the RO concentrate exceed limits set by Czech Republic Government Decree No. 445/2021 Coll. [1] cannot be discharged into surface waters. Also it cannot be discharged into groundwater because of RO concentrate composition.
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desalination of see water
Pokorný, Lukáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Along with the Earth's population growth the requirements for water supply increase. Resources of fresh water are already unable to supply citizens, industry and agriculture of some countries. This concerns in particular xeric, long-shore areas as Australia. These areas dispose of huge amount of water. Unfortunately it is saline water. Saline water contains lots of solute matter concentrated in 37000 mg per liter, which makes it unsuitable for any use. With an assistance of membrane processes it is possible to rid the water of this solute matter and hereafter use it as fresh water for industry or agriculture. The most expoited method of saline water purification is reverse osmosis, which offers the best performance in proportion to the consumtion of electric energy.
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Membrane technologies for agricultural wastewater treatment
Uhlířová, Marcela ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This thesis deals with an agricultural wastewater treatment (liquid digestate) by membrane technology. There is a fundamental description of characteristics of membrane technology with regard to application of agricultural wastewater treatment in this thesis. Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate is designed and it consists of three steps – microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The first step consists of four filters with different pore sizes (80, 25, 10 and 5 µm). The second step is ultrafiltration and the third and key step is reverse osmosis. In the final step monovalent ions such as NH4+ are separated. Reverse osmosis consists of two stage system which results in higher recovery. Three experiments were carried out in order to verify the efficiency of separation dissolved solids.
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Methods of water samples processing with subsequent in vitro detection of endocrine disrupters
Daniel, Romain Oliver ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Bittner,, Michal (advisor)
In recent years, interest in monitoring of estrogenic compounds in water environment due to their adverse effects on human and animal health has been increased. Partiucular attention is paid to analytical techniques used to quantify estrogens in water samples, such as instrumental and biological techniques (in vitro, in vivo). Water samples need to be concentrated due to very low estrogen levels (ng·L-1) and low limit of detection of used analytical methods. Solid phase extraction (SPE) or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are comonly used to concentrate water samples. This bachelor thesis represents reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) as another possible methods for this purpose. This thesis is focused on the preconcentration of water samples spiked with four estrogens (estrone E1, 17-estradiol E2, estriol E3 and 17-ethynylestradiol EE2) and surface water samples taken from three watercourses in city of Brno using RO and SPE and its comparison of their effeciency. This was evaluated by in vitro estrogenicity assay on the stably transfected cell line hER-HeLa-9903. By using RO, estrogens were concentrated with different recovery – the highest recovery was reached for EE2 129.29%, lowest for E2 38.53%. No detectable amount of estrogen has been detected in surface water samples. RO appears to be a suitable method to the water samples preconcentration prior to in vitro analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds. Water samples treated by the SPE method were not measured untill the sunbmission of bachelor thesis, so the RO and SPE efficiency was not performed.
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Upgrading of industrial WWTP´s in company BOSCH Diesel ltd.
Koláček, Ivo ; Hluštík, Petr (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is about industrial wastewater treatment plant. The first part of thesis decides whether the choice of intensification was the right solution. The next part is about industrial wastewater treatment plant after intensification and decides about the correctness of the intensification. In the penultimate part is made a project for further use of purifed water. The last part is giving options for improving cleaning efficiency in small reservoir.
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Mathematic Modelling of Reverse Osmosis System Design for Detection of Estrogens in Water
Siegel, Jan ; Skopalík, Josef (referee) ; Bittner, Michal (advisor)
Estrogen compounds are a subgroup of the environmental pollutants named Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. It is a large group of chemicals which are capable of causing hormonal imbalance of an organism and affecting its reproductive, developmental or behavioral functions. In the environment, they are found in very low concentrations (below ng/l). This makes their detection and elimination highly problematic. The Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX) has been developing an experimental device which employes reverse osmosis (RO) to concentrate the trace amounts of micropollutants (e.g. estrogens). The aim is to lower the detection limit of subsequent analytical methods. RO seems to be a promising alternative to commonly used methods which are more time consuming and costly. The aim of this thesis is to create a mathematical model of RO, which would describe the process of estrogen concentration and therefore could contribute to the optimization of experimental device. The mathematical model was created in MATLAB-simulink and verified by comparison to thirteen experimental results. The solutions used to test the model were NaCl at 0.002–2 g/l and drinking water with 17-ethinylestradiol of 25 ng/l. In order to concentrate the retentate on a flat-sheet RO membrane the model achieves a mean relative error in the range of 0.9–4.9 % for NaCl and drinking water. For the concentration of estrogens the deflection is 3.6 %. Comparing the model and experimental concentration of NaCl on a spiral wound RO-membrane, the deviation is in the range of 5.9–8.7 %. So far, ratio of retentate volume from the beginning to the end of the process has been used to determine the process recovery. However, due to the results obtained in the thesis, this approach appears inaccurate. A more accurate recovery would likely be achieved by using the theoretical concentration value obtained by the proposed mathematical model. However, to increase reliability, the further measurements with estrogens are needed, and also to determine the causes of deflection of model and experimental retentate volume values at the end of the concentration
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desalination of see water
Pokorný, Lukáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Along with the Earth's population growth the requirements for water supply increase. Resources of fresh water are already unable to supply citizens, industry and agriculture of some countries. This concerns in particular xeric, long-shore areas as Australia. These areas dispose of huge amount of water. Unfortunately it is saline water. Saline water contains lots of solute matter concentrated in 37000 mg per liter, which makes it unsuitable for any use. With an assistance of membrane processes it is possible to rid the water of this solute matter and hereafter use it as fresh water for industry or agriculture. The most expoited method of saline water purification is reverse osmosis, which offers the best performance in proportion to the consumtion of electric energy.
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