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Analysis of parameters presumably associated with drought-resistance in various sorghum genotypes
Panchártek, Daniel ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Hniličková, Helena (referee)
The aims of this work were 1) to assess whether sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes originating from the India can be grown and analyzed in the climatic conditions of central Europe and 2) to find out the utilization potential of selected non- destructive and destructive methods based mostly on the chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and the determination of photosynthetic pigments' content for the differentiation of sorghum genotypes based on their presumed drought tolerance. Field experiments made during 2 years compared 15 genotypes of this species (2 stay-green parental lines, 2 senescent parental lines and 11 introgression lines with stay-green loci), 2 of these genotypes were further analyzed in greenhouse conditions where the water deficit was induced by a cessation of watering for 12 days. The field-grown plants showed some differences between individual genotypes in all measured parameters; however, for the majority of the genotypes these differences were not statistically significant. The stay-green parental genotype B35 differred the most from the other ones in both field seasons, but the other stay-green genotypes usually did not differ from the senescent genotypes. No significant differences between both greenhouse-tested genotypes (presumably contrasting in their...
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Changes to the contents of proline and relative electrolyte leakage of the selected genotypes of poppies depending on the influence by low temperature
Kudrna, Jiří ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Orsák, Matyáš (referee)
The object of this thesis is to study the effect of low temperatures, proline content and relative elektrolyte leakage in a selected range of varieties of opium poppy.
Experiment included 18 poppy varieties with different contents of morphine. Poppy seeds for this experiment were provided by GB Oseva Pro s r.o., o.z.VÚO Opava a Český mák s.r.o.
Poppy seeds were sown in containers of a size of 7,5x7,5 cm. Used cultivation medium is mixture of garden substrate A with quartz sand in a ratio of 2: 1. Plants were grown under controlled conditions in grow chamber Conviron E8. Before starting the experiment, the temperature was at 10 ° C during day and 5 ° C over night. Light cycle was 13 hours light and 11 hours darkness. The maximum value of irradiance was 800 micromol. The experiment was initiated in phase of rosette develoment. At this developmental stage were the plants exposed to frost temperatures (-5 ° C) over night and chill temperatures (10 ° C) duringthe day. After a week the plants were regenerated for 1 week at 5 ° C over night and 10 C during the day.
All tested plants were in two day intervals measured of proline concentration after exposure to low temperature stress. At the same intervals as proline, were measured the values of relative elektrolyte leakage (Rel%).The obtained results show that the influence of low temperature causes increase of proline level. Control winter-crop variety Zeno exhibited the high kontent of proline (693.33 microg.g -1) in comparison with the spring poppy varieties. After regeneration were afected varieties Lazur, Opal, Buddha, Korneuburger Weisser, Aplaus, Major, Sokol, Zeno reduced the content of proline under the influence of higher temperatures. On the other hand the varieties Ofeus, Tatranský, Opex, Orbis, Maraton, Florián, Marianne and Albin were reversed with an increase of proline level. Proline concentration levels were constant and unchanged in case of varietes Postomi and Akvarel. Values of relative elektrolyte leakage were increased proportionately with length of exposure to low temperatures on the tested plants. The lowest value of membrane damage was after exposure to low temperatures observed in case of variety Zeno (23.53%). In the case of spring varieties was lowest membráně damage estimated in a variety Korneuburger Weisser (44.88%), while the highest was in the variety Orfeus (53.15%). It demonstrated the different responses of individual poppy varieties at low temperature. Most sensitive to low temperature were varieties Orfeus, Postomi, Akvarel, Orbis, Sokol and Marianne. As less sensitive to stress caused by low temperature seems to be spring varieties Opex, Buddha, Korneuburger Weisser, Albín.
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