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The Influence of the pasture on selected environmental components.
KAŇOKOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the influence of pasture on specific components of the enviroment in the Czech Republic, especially the influence on water regime. The thesis aims to poit out the negative and possitive effects of pasture and provides a complete view on this issue. The first part of the work describes in detail the history of pasture farming, the importance of pasture in CR and pasture systems. Next it examines the influence of pasture farming on vegetation cover and water quality. Pasture plays a significant role in landscape with erosion ? protection, cultivation and landscape design effect, but pasture also affects the level of dustiness. No doubt pasture is the most natural way how to farm permanent grasslands and i tis an important nature protection factor.
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Biodiversity of epigeic beetles on selected field crops - effects of management on the structure of communities
SVOBODA, Richard
Epigeických beetle communities were studied on four agroecosystems with different crops grown. All four agroecosystems were located in the vicinity of Czech Budejovice (South Bohemia). The first agroecosystem is conventionally grown corn. On the second one agroecosystem it was conventionally grown wheat. The third agroecosystem was barley and the fourth was permanent grassland. Individual agroekosystems differed not only in crops but also in agrotechnical operations during the capture. In all agroecosystems was for capture of the material used method of pitfall traps. Subsequently, those types have been studied. Then was studied degree of human impact on the biodiversity of species of different ecological groups found in these locations.Beetle activity was highest in the maize agroecosystem. There was found almost half of all captured individuals. In all agroecosystems was activity affected by management of agrotechnic operations and also by for that year specific weather. All sites were completely dominated by expansive species (E - types of deforested habitats strongly influenced by human activities)
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Nitrogen and carbon transformation processes in soil in permanent grasslands - research in cattle overwintering area
Šimek, Miloslav ; Hynšt, Jaroslav ; Čuhel, Jiří ; Elhottová, Dana ; Chroňáková, Alica ; Němcová, Anna ; Jirout, Jiří ; Krištůfek, Václav
Agricultural soils represent a significant source of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane). Pasture soils and especially overwintering areas receive large amounts of nutrients as animal excrements. Together with other effects, this creates good conditions for high rates of nitrogen and carbon transformations, and also for substantial losses in the form of gaseous metabolites. This paper informs on research of a specific model ecosystem – the cattle overwintering area. Research is focused either on the structure of soil microbial community and on its activities including the formation of gases in, and their emission from the soil to atmosphere.
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