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Analýza zaplevelení množitelských porostů vybraných obilnin
Růžička, Radek
The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of weed infestation of spring and winter cereal crops, where spring crops (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena sativa), winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were subject to control. The theoretical part describes the harmfulness of weed species, which we encounter on agricultural land, followed by problems with their regulation. This issue is followed by growing technology of propagation stands. Of the found weed species in the propagation stands, they are particularly dangerous (Wild oat, Silky bent grass, Couch grass).
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Ekonomické srovnání semenářské produkce jetelovin a obilnin
Doležalová, Šárka
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Economic comparison of seed production of clovers and grains in selected company. The theoretical part summarizes the history of clover seedlings in the Czech Republic and the current situation in the field of clover seedlings. The current situation describes the development and current state of seed production of clovers in terms of size, cultivated species and yields. Furthermore, the situation in the Czech Republic and the situation abroad are evaluated. The thesis describes the technology of growing red clover, which belongs to our most important forage crops. Then, the benefits that clover cultivation brings to the enterprise include, for example, the use of red clover as forage because of mineral content and protein, soil fertility. The practical part is devoted to calculations of economic efficiency of clover and grains from the data of the selected company. The SWOT analysis summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of growing clover.
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Management posklizňových zbytků při zakládání porostů obilnin
Fafílek, Viktor
The aim of the bachelor thesis is the study and description of problems of the crop resi-dues during establishment of cereals. The start of this study is focusing on cops residues, their structure and decay. Later is describe disease what survived on crops residuals. The next part of work is it description of influence of pre-crops and their crops residuals to main crop. The Second part is dedicate to soil treatment and guidelines DZES and IOR. In the end of bachelor thesis describe way how to establish cereals of main crops of spring barley and winter wheat.
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Sledování variability základních kvalitativních parametrů zrna pšenice ozimé vyprodukované v oblasti Moravskotřebovska
Kužílková, Magdaléna
The bachelorˈs thesis deals with problematics of wheat grain quality. It focuses on variability of quality parameters of samples collected in Moravská Třebová in a company that specializes on agricultural commodity trading. In the literary research there were described main and supplementary criteria of wheat grain quality. The importance of wheat, botanical characteristics and grain composition was mentioned. There were also described factors influencing grain quality. Different purposes of cultivation and categories of quality were delineated. In the methodics there was described the region where the wheat was cultivated. Also varieties and their characteristics were mentioned. The quality of harvested grain that came from eight local farmers according to chosen cultivar and achieved yield was evaluated. In the samples there were parameters measured and each sampleˈs quality classes were classified. The main purpose of this thesis was to make a literary research and complete data of the grain quality in the company in Moravská Třebová. The next purpose was to process this data and evaluate them.
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Plevele ozimé pšenice a technologie pěstování
Liška, Jakub
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of weeds in the winter wheat field at the field experimental station in Žabcice, depending on the technology of cultivation and on the preceding crop being cultivated. Weed infestation was evaluated using a numerical method on an area of 1m2. As a variant of soil preparation, conventional, minimizing and direct sowing technologies were used. Preceding crops for winter wheat were alfalfa and maize for silage. The evaluation took place in the years 2017-2018. The statistical processing of the evaluation of the number of individuals of all species in the winter wheat field was performed using the Statistica.cz computer software. In order to determine the effect of the observed factors on the weed species which occurred in the field experiments, multivariate analysis of ecological data was performed by using the Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). In addition, Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used. The results show that cultivation technology and preceding crops affect weed species spectrum.
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Vegetace plevelů vybraných druhů obilnin a olejnin
Kašparová, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis is focused on evaluation of weed infestation on selected land in the cadastral area of Vlčkov and Horní Sloupnice. Observation is concentrating on growth areas of winter wheat, spring barley, winter oilseed rape and soya bean. The results were processed by multidimensional analysis of ecological data. Twenty-seven different weeds were found on the observed land in total. The heighest number of infestation species were found in soya bean area and the least were found in spring barley area. The most frequent weed species were Veronica persica, Galium aparine, Stellaria media and Viola arvensis in winter wheat and in spring barley there were Viola arvensis, Veronica persica and Galium aparine. Among winter oilseed rape there was the biggest amount of Hordeum vulgare as engaged crop and between weeds there were Viola arvensis, Fumaria officinalis and Lamium purpureum. The most frequent weed were Fumaria officinalis, Avena fatua and Viola arvensis in soya bean species. The common species for all crops were Viola arvensis.
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Sklízecí ústrojí (adaptéry) sklízecích mlátiček
Bašta, Zdeněk
The thesis rewievs harvesters as the main element of the harvesting process. It especially concentrates on harvesting adapters for grain crops. The thesis also evaluates the main advantages and disadvantages of MacDon harvesting adapter for grain crops and compares this adapter to competitive harvesting adapter for grain crops. Then the bachelor work describes the process of rating the harvesting adapter and the quality of work made by the adapter. It also compares the two chosen adapters from the technical and economic aspect.
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Morphological, physiological and proteomic changes of cereals under abiotic stress
Kantová, Anežka ; Vítámvás, Pavel (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are among the oldest crops that have been grown and used by humans as important component of their diet. It is an important source of livelihood for the human population and have a wide range of uses, mainly in the food industry. Cereals generally serve as a source of energy in the diet, due to the high starch content. The most commonly grown types of cereals are especially wheat, barley, rye, rice, corn, but there may be other species such as oats and millet. However, even cereals do not avoid the problems associated with the action of abiotic stress factors. Their effect on all plants is manifested by a decrease in vitality, but in crops - such as cereals - mainly by a decrease in yield. Due to the reduction in yield, breeding of resistant cereal genotypes is now in the primary interest of breeders. This work summarizes the basic principles of the action of abiotic stress on plants and explains the reactions of various types of cereals to abiotic stress factors. Key words: proteome, physiology, cereals, abiotic stress, yield
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Cereal diseases from sowing to harvest (determination and protection options): Methodology for practice
Slavíková, Lucie ; Chrpová, Jana ; Palicová, Jana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Dumalasová, Veronika ; Ripl, Jan ; Jarošová, Jana ; Kumar, Jiban
The fungal and virus diseases are still very actual topics due to the high proportion of cereals in crop rotation and large cultivated area. The cereal crops often decimated by fungal diseases like eyespot, powdery mildew, smuts, rusts, Fusarium head blight and brown leaf spot diseases. The virus diseases include Barley yellow dwarf virus – BYDV, Wheat dwarf virus – WDV and Wheat streak mosaic virus – WSMV are also very important due to the epidemic incidence in some years. This methodology summarizes the current knowledge of these fungal and virus diseases, focuses on the description, symptoms, occurrence, field and laboratory diagnostics and possibilities of crop protection against these diseases. Individual diseases are ranked in the order of their occurrence in the agroecosystem. The methodology can serve the farming communities and agronomist as a key to identifying the diseases infecting wheat crop.
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Methodics of risk determination of increased BYDV occurrence in winter cereals
Jarošová, Jana ; Bartáková, Pavla ; Broženská, Michaela ; Kumar, Jiban
One of the most important viruses affecting cereals in the Czech Republic is Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). BYDV is transmitted by cereal aphids and intensity of its occurrence varies strongly in individual years. Insecticide application protects the stands against virus transmission. In some years, however, the application of the insecticide is groundless. In this methodology we provide a method for increased BYDV occurrence risk evaluation in the field by sample collection of volunteer plants. The methodology is meant to serve mainly to farmers, agronomists and agricultural advisors.
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