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Various Surgical Techniques of Lesional vas Deferens Repair in Rat Experiments
Štichhauer, Radek ; Kaška, Milan (advisor) ; Rygl, Michal (referee) ; Plánka, Ladislav (referee)
Various surgical techniques for the repair of injured vas deferens in rat experiment Introduction: The herniotomy for inguinal hernia is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in paediatric surgery. The incidence of complication following primary inguinal herniotomy in neonates is not rare and repair of the injured vas deferens (VD) is not standardized. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the contusion of VD during the surgery with a surgical instrument and to perform and consequently analyze some possibilities of a simple repair method under the control of operating loupe. Methods: Seventy male rats were divided into seven subgroups according to the type of the vas deferens injury and its repair consequently: 1. Contusion, 2. cut-off and a simple one layer vasovasostomy sewn by absorbable sewing material, 3. cut-off and joining by an intraluminally lead fibre of absorbable sewing material knotted externally, 4. = 3. using non- absorbable sewing material, 5. = 2. combine with intraluminally situated absorbable sewing fibre fixed externally,6. = 5. combine with intraluminally situated non-absorbable sewing fibre fixed externally, 7. = 5. without external fixation. Fibres of non-absorbable sewing material were removed 3 weeks after the first operation. Operated or injured parts of...
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The role of olfactory perception in newborns
Staňková, Jana ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (advisor) ; Stopková, Romana (referee)
One of the most important relationships in our lives is the bond between mother and child. A considerable amount of studies have shown that olfaction plays an important role in establishing this bond. As previous research already demonstrated, mothers who spend more time with their children and form a closer relationship with them are better at recognizing their child's body odor. Similarly, newborns are relatively successful at recognizing the smell of their mother, the smell of their mother's breast and the scent of their own amniotic fluid. These scents, compared to others, are not only more preferred by newborns but also appear soothing for them. Moreover, the smell of mother's breast plays a crucial role in starting of breastfeeding. The environment in utero is rather deprived of auditory and visual stimuli and thus olfactory cues play an important role in this ontogeny phase. It has been shown that prenatal exposure to odorants through amniotic fluid affects subsequent reactions of children. The effect is conveyed through food that the mother ingests; these odors are then received more positively than the odors that children were not previously exposed to. This early acquaintance with smells and flavors typical for a specific culture might, to some extent, shape the later eating habits of...
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Sepsis in newborne
Baláčková, Šárka ; Voxová, Barbora (advisor) ; Paterová, Pavla (referee)
Author: Šárka Baláčková Title: Septic states of newborns Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: medical laboratory technician Background: The aim of the work was to sample information on the issue of septic states of newborns, to describe laboratory diagnosis of examining neonatal sepsis. To map rate of the most common pathogens causing this illness in Masarykova hospital in Ústí nad Labem. Method: Tracking of sampled blood cultures at neonatal department between years 2011- 2015. Comparison of total amount of blood cultures with the amount of positive blood cultures and the rate of particular pathogens causing neonatal sepsis. Results: During the reporting period were collected a 5271 blood cultures to total count. 1047 of those were positive, making it 20 %. The most prominent causes of neonatal sepsis is above all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with the count of 801 occurrences, which is 76,5 %. Followed by Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods with 103 occurrences (10,8 %), Anaerobic bacteria with 48 counts (4,6 %), Enterococcus species with 31 counts (3%), Staphylococcus aureus with 26 counts (2,5 %), Streptococcus species with 21 counts (2 %) and Yeasts with 7 counts (0,7 %). Conclusions: Neonatal septic state is a serious...
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Heart Rate Response in Newborns to Relatively Strong and Mild Trigeminal Odorants
Boušová, Jiřina ; Martinec Nováková, Lenka (advisor) ; Brothánková, Pavlína (referee)
The widely accepted view nowadays is that experiencing odours as rather pleasant or unpleasant is, to a certain degree, shaped on a daily basis through individual experience within one's culture via evaluative conditioning or, rather marginally so, via mere exposure to that certain odour. In other words, humans are not born with any fixed set of olfactory likes or dislikes but rather, they acquire them throughout their lifetime. However, olfactory sensation is not a "pure" percept, as odorant stimuli generally elicit a qualitative percept of an odorant - generated mainly by the olfactory nerve - as well as some degree of chemesthesis - a tactile confound of the odour generated mainly by the trigeminal nerve. The olfactory and trigeminal system exhibit complex interactions at both the peripheral and central level of chemosensory processing, which is also reflected in perceptual characteristics of the final percept, including perceived pleasantness (hedonics). If the olfactory contribution alone does not easily predict neonatal odour hedonics, due to newborns' limited previous exposure to chemosensory inputs, one may hypothesize that together with the strength of the trigeminal contribution they may form a significant factor affecting neonatal appetitive/aversive responses to odours. In the present...
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Artificial lung ventilation for neonates
Pohořilský, Marek ; Mlkvik, Marek (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with optimization of artificial lung ventilation (CPAP) aiming to achieve higher efficiency in use with neonates at neonatal intensive care unit. The content of the thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes the basic principle of the mechanical ventilation operation, lung parenchymal disease, respiratory care of neonates and patient interface devices. The second part of the thesis focuses on research, which is divided into chapters describing calculation of pressure loss and the experiment itself. The last part outlines a comparison and evaluation of individual interface devices and recommendation of effective practical use.
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