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High-order stochastic dominance
Mikulka, Jakub ; Kopa, Miloš (advisor) ; Branda, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with high-order stochastic dominance of random variables and portfolios. The summary of findings about high-order stochastic dominance and portfolio efficiency is presented. As a main part of the thesis it is proven that under assumption of both normal and gamma distribution the infinite-order stochastic dominance is equivalent to the second-order stochastic dominance. The necessary and sufficient condition for the infinite-order stochastic dominance portfolio efficiency is derived under the assumption of normality. The condition is used in the empirical part of the thesis where parametrical approach to the portfolio efficiency is compared to the nonparametric scenario approach. The derived necessary and sufficient condition is based on the assumption of normality; therefore we use two sets of data, one with fulfilled assumption of normality and the other for which the assumption of normality was unambigously rejected. Consequently, the influence of fulfillment of the normality assumption on the results of the necessary and sufficient condition for portfolio efficiency is estimated.
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Normality tests
Kotlorz, Lukáš ; Anděl, Jiří (advisor) ; Sabolová, Radka (referee)
The aim of this thesis focused on testing normality is to describe both statistical tests and graphical methods. The first part is devoted to graphical methods used to testing normality (particularly Histogram, Boxplot and Q-Q Plot). The tests used for testing the conformity of random sample distribution with normal distribution, e.g., Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors, Anderson-Darling, Chi-squared, are described in the second part. The test statistics, the critical region and alternatively the link for tabulated critical values are listed for each test. The simulations, whether the random sample comes from normal distribution, are described in the third part. The samples from di erent distributions were generated by Program R.
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Semi - infinite programming: theory and portfolio efficiency application
Klouda, Lukáš ; Kopa, Miloš (advisor) ; Lachout, Petr (referee)
Title: Semi-infinite programming: theory and portfolio efficiency application Author: Bc. Lukáš Klouda Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Ing. Miloš Kopa, PhD. Supervisor's e-mail address: kopa@karlin.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The thesis deals with application of semi-infinite programming to a portfolio efficiency testing. The summary of semi-infinite programming, first and second order optimality conditions and duality in linear semi-infinite programming is presented. The optimization problem for a portfolio efficiency testing with respect to the second order stochastic dominance under assumption of discrete, normal, Students and general elliptical distribution is formulated. Conditional value at risk(CVaR) is used as the risk measure, because of its consistency with the second order stochastic dominance relation. Efficiency of index PX with respect to the second order stochastic dominance is tested. The tests are performed using the program GAMS.
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Statistical tests power analysis
Kubrycht, Pavel ; Malá, Ivana (advisor) ; Bílková, Diana (referee)
This Thesis deals with the power of a statistical test and the associated problem of determining the appropriate sample size. It should be large enough to meet the requirements of the probabilities of errors of both the first and second kind. The aim of this Thesis is to demonstrate theoretical methods that result in derivation of formulas for minimum sample size determination. For this Thesis, three important probability distributions have been chosen: Normal, Bernoulli, and Exponential.
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The use of the lognormal distribution in analysing of earning
Nedvěd, Jakub ; Malá, Ivana (advisor) ; Bílková, Diana (referee)
Object of this thesis is to verify the possibility of use the lognormal distribution as a revenue-distribution model. This text describes characteristics of lognormal distribution and methods of estimating its parameters. Thesis is focused on three-parametric lognormal distribution, because it is most common in this dilemma. Using data from Informational system of average earnings this thesis finds out quality of models. There are described options of usage the lognormal distribution in analyzing revenues. At the end of this essay is suggested an easy analysis of differences between revenue-frequency distribution in the years 2000 and 2010. The thesis demonstrates the fact that the curve of lognormal distribution density function is applicable model which is reliable especially in the wide central part of revenue-distribution.
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Porevoluční vývoj mezd ve zdravotnictví v České republice
Nováková, Kristýna Bc. ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kletečková, Marie (referee)
Analýza porevolučního vývoje mezd ve zdravotnictví v České republice a v Jihočeském kraji se zaměřením na rozdíly v podnikatelské a nepodnikatelské sféře. Dále je nastíněna problematika rovnosti odměňování mužů a žen v České republice. Data pro analýzu jsou použita ze mzdových a platových statistických šetření od ČSÚ, z ÚZIS a Informačního sysému o průměrném výdělku. Data jsou zpracována na základě modelování logaritmicko-normálních rozdělení platů a mezd některých kategorií zaměstnanců ve zdravotnictví.
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