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Overstory-understory neighborhood effect in mountain mixed forest
Matouš, Marek ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Ulbrichová, Iva (referee)
The object of this study is to describe overstory-understory neighbourhood effects in natural mountain mixed forests in environmental conditions of central Europe. Namely, the neighbourhood effect of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst. ).
The sample plots are situated in central Slovakia. On 60 plots, counts of individuals of these species were recorded and divided by social status (from 6 cm of DBH). Regeneration of these species, was divided into 4 high categories. For 30 trees of each species, regeneration was also counted under specific crown in the area of 4 m2. The data was evaluated mainly by the generalized linear model in R statistical program. Here was evaluated the relationship between individuals of different categories of understory and overstory and the dependence between counts of regeneration of each species under specific crown.
The strongest positive overstory-understory neighbourhood effect, was observed for the silver fir in all categories of regeneration (p<0.001). It also weakly negatively affected the regeneration of beech. For spruce, the positive neighbourhood effect was demonstrated only among the trees of upper level and saplings from 0.5 to 1.3 meters. Other categories of spruce saplings, were in too small quantities for demonstrating these relationships. Positive overstory-understory neighbourhood effect of beech was weak, or neutral for advanced regeneration. But seedlings to 0,5 m height, were in minimum quantity under spruce and fir crown. Beech also significantly negatively influenced all regeneration categories of silver fir (p<0.001). So, for each species, the overstory-understory neighbourhood effect is more or less positive, at least for lower height regeneration categories. This effect suggest also to small scale species stability of these forests.
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Mixed forests and its practical use for forest management
Adamec, Jiří ; Janda, Pavel (advisor) ; Mrhalová, Hana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis focuses primarily onmixed forests and their practical use for forest management. It deals with forests both in Central Europe and the Czech Republic. Issues related to forests and the effect of different influences on them, are the subject of a variety of scientific papers. Obtained knowledgeabout mixed forests could help us better understand the increasingly emerging climate change. The main factors are temperature, rapidly changing in the recent years, and the changes in average total annual precipitation and varying amounts of gases in the air. The actual composition of the mixed forests and the individual characteristics of trees have to be also taken into account. An increased incidence of pests and diseases of trees and proliferating pests that may be affected both by climate change ortree species in the stands. This paper presents the possible conversion of spruce monocultures into mixed stands It contains a lot of knowledge from various scientific papers whose main points are summarized in a form of literature review and could lead to improved conditions of our forests.
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Disturbance history of the primary mountain mixed forests in Temperate Zone (Europe)
Komín, Stanislav ; Janda, Pavel (advisor) ; Bače, Radek (referee)
This paper is about structure and disturbance regime of mountain mixed forests in location Šrámkova dolina, which is in Tatras national park. Except this, thesis also informs about problems which are in mountain mixed forests. Forest dynamic were monitored od 14 permanent plots, which were in the line polygon, every plot takes 1000 m2. Study is based on the structural data of the type, thicknes and age structure and this data were put into dendroecological analys, which shows releases during the growth. Based on results, we can say that most trees strarts their growth in forests gap, and most of trees did not detect release. Šrámkova dolina were formed by gew several wind disturbances, biggest impact had few disturbances between year 1834 and 1845, this event strongly affected regenerations between decades 1845 and 1885. In the Europe temperate zone are mountain forests mostly affected by wind adn bark beatle, but in mixed forests are damage caused by bark beatle smaller. Small canopy destruction caused by small disturbance salso play very important role in forests dynmic here.
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Analysis of artificial regeneration methods of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the selected forest stands of the Forest district Lužná.
Bledý, Michal ; Remeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee)
This diploma thesis is dealing with analysis and statistical evaluation of regeneration methods introducing silver fir to forests in the area LS Lužná, forest district Bor. The aim of this thesis was to make the measurements of silver fir plants growing in the existing permanent research plots, to establish new research plots and perform general evaluation of alternative regeneration approaches.
The theoretical part deals with the issue of silver fir regeneration, its expansion and areal, ecological requirements, usability and physiological description of this species were also taken into consideration. This part of the thesis was also focused on description of the various alternative ways of reintroducing this species to the forest. It was made a description of the principles of forest tending, natural and artificial regeneration of silver fir stands with respect to its environmental requirements. The biotic and abiotic pests of silver fir and effective defence against these pests were also discussed. It was made the analyses of factors affecting positively and negatively the growth and development of silver fir. Silver fir was described as an ameliorative and stabilizing tree species.
In the practical part of this thesis an analysis of local conditions on the ground Bor, LS Lužná; specifically analysis of climate, soil, light and growth conditions was performed. They were recorded and compared to findings on the permanent research plots (established in 2014) and newly established research plots. The results were evaluated by different growth conditions on the research and permanent research plots. The differences in growth conditions in the different regeneration variants were evaluated statistically.
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Stav a vývoj obnovy lesa na majetku „Ostravské městské lesy“
Adamov, Jan
The subject of this thesis is to evaluate the development of rehabilitation and urban forests majetcích Ostrava sro most represented economic file is 6446 (beech farm nutrient habitats center position). The main tree species are spruce and oak. The vast majority of recovery occurs artificial regeneration. Natural regeneration is there a minimum share. Of the total area of 1,101.68 hectares of vegetation were over 10 years of renewed 254.78 hectares of forest, which is 23.10% of the total forest area under the administration of the Ostrava urban forests. In the period 2004 - 2013 was only natural regeneration registered in 2009 and 0.18 hectares in 2013, 1.2 hectares. During this period, the restoration performed on deciduous trees 147.17 hectares and 38.59 hectares of coniferous trees. Field investigation dealt with the silver fir. Crops with the representation of this species were monitored Fruiting fir stands, the status of young stands of fir and fir sowing. Prerequisity for successful recovery and cultivation of fir on property is nedeed for the cultivation of existing vegetation and protection against animals.
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Vliv rozdílných způsobů obnovy jedle bělokoré na její odrůstání a vitalitu sedm let po výsadbě
Macek, Jiří
The goal of the work was to find out, what influence different ways of regeneration of silver fir have on its growth speed and overall vitality seven years after plantin. Study was carried out on research area ÚZPL -- LS LČR Svitavy, district of Radiměř. The fir was planted on area partially covered by forest wall, in v gab, with simultaneous planting of fir and larch. There was total of 7 research plots located on acidic stands between 4th and 5th LVS (forest vegetation grade) and variables measured were: losses, height, terminal growth of particular years, width of root collar, total number, length and width of branches, length of needles, colour of needles, shape of crown and trunk, frost and other damage. Results show, that different manners of planting (cover) do have an measurable influence on growth rate and vitality of silver fir. The best results were reached on area partially covered from multiple sides by standing forest and in gab, where frost damage was minimal.
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Inventarizace a management jedle (Abies alba Mil.) na LS Jablunkov
Jaroš, Rostislav
The thesis provides an assessment of the status of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in terms of its growth potential in view of the varying environmental features of particular habitat sites. To that end, sites were selected in Písek territory within the forest district of Jablunkov. The variance range in habitat site parameters and their impact on tree growth were monitored and analysed, including the relation to their age. The assessment criteria consisted primarily in field measurements of certain dendrometric parameters of selected tree, supplemented with additional data such as tree defoliation and fructification. The data collected are compared in the thesis with analogical parameter measurements made in tree clusters for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) occurring alongside the silver fir. The thesis also notes the ability and intensity of natural regeneration of silver fir and its possible impairment.
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