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Společenstvo bentických organismů na dolním toku Ohře, Labe a jejich přítocích
MUSIL, Martin
The purpose of this work was to describe the current status of benthic communities on the main stream of Elbe River and Ohře River and their tributaries affected and non-affected by biological invasions - especially by round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and spiny - cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus). Sampling for this research took place from April 2018 to August 2018, while morphiologic survey of waterbodies was done in November 2017. Two tributaries of the Elbe River (Milešovský brook and Ploučnice River) and one tributary of the Ohře River (Čepel) were selected for this research. Two 100 m long sections (lower stretch potentially affected by invaders and upper stretch as referential) were monitored at each tributary. At the same time a 100 m long main flow section was monitored near the mouth of the tributaries. The following parameters were monitored: morphology of the stream and basic physical and chemical parameters of water, zoobenthos community, crayfish occurrence, and fish community. The benthic communities of the upper streams were less affected by biological invasions. The biodiversity of the benthic communities in the upper sections was richer compared to the lower sections. The occurrence of the round goby seemed to be factor affecting benthic and fish communities at the sites concerned. It was an eudominant species in the Elbe section in Děčín and becoming dominant in the lower section of Ploučnice River.
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Use of environmental DNA for detection of aquatic invertebrates
Bílek, Marek ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Černý, Martin (referee)
Environmental DNA is released genetical information from the individual to the environment. Especially in the aquatic environment, the amount of detectable DNA is sufficient to prove or refute the presence of a target organism. The method of taking samples from an aquatic environment and working with DNA is constantly evolving and bringing new insights. Especially in the area of aquatic vertebrates, very good results are found. Especially in actual researches results often correspond to reality more than traditional methods of capture. In contrast, research of an aquatic invertebrates by detection of eDNA is overlooked, especially because of eDNA production by invertebrates, which is generally much lowerthan fish andamphibians production. In this case the largest amount of eDNA is released in the form of mucus. In this work I focus on properties of eDNA in the aquatic environment, biotic and abiotic factors that affect the durability of detectable DNA. I also mention the production of DNA of aquatic invertebrates, the possibilities of collection and the laboratory procedures of its processing, I compare the different approaches of the scientific teams in the referenced research and draw attention to the most frequent problems. At the end of the thesis I compare the results of the current research...
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Vascular plants along the roads in the Jizerské hory Mts – the effect of altitude and contact habitat
Titěra, Jan ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to map the incidence of vascular plants along the various categories of roads and crossroads at different altitudes and in different contact habitats (forests × meadow) and identify invasive species. The species were mapped to a total of 120 sites, including 45 sites accounted for forest roads, 40 sites meadow paths and 35 sites forest crossroads. There were found 3 strongly endangered species and 5 endangered species. From the total non-native species was found a large proportion of naturalized and invasive species that could potentially threaten natural communities. DCCA analysis was found that the species composition invasive plant reacts to the individually environmental variables statistically significant. It was also found large share of competitive strategies, and a small share of stress-tolerant strategists. Furthermore, it was found that the species composition of the flora responds to altitude statistically highly significant. DCA analysis was found affiliation species to categories of roads and crossroads, level of traffic and to contact habitats. Furthermore was used CCA analysis. It was found that the species composition of the plant reacts to the presence of trees present in the surrounding vegetation statistically highly significant. Part of the work has also been gathering literature data about the relationship between flora and roads, vectors of spread plants and alien species and flora of roads in Jizera mountains. The results were compared with other works, and complemented by own knowledge of the author, in the discussion. Contribution of work consists in mapping the flora of roads and crossroads in many locations in Jizera mountains, botanical supplement data and the identification of potentially invasive species expanding along the roads. The results of this study should serve as a basis for preventive or protectionist measures implemented in Jizera mountains.
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The issue of dissemination and regulation methods of invasive weeds in the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation.
YATSKEVICH, Sergey
The subject matter of this paper was to deal with the issue of spreading and ocuurence of the weed which endanger our environment the most. The biology, occurence, spreading and also the regulation of these weeds were described in the paper. A few probable options were suggested for the area of Russian Federadion. (Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommer at Levier), (Kochia scoparia(L.), Schrader),( Abutilon Theophrasti Med.), (Reynoutria Japonka Houtt.), (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), ( Lactuca tatarka L.) etc. The main aim of the paper was to cover the issue of spreading of invasion weed in the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation with specialization on very dangerous species.
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The employment of transfered threatened plant species in selected stand types
VOPÁTKOVÁ, Alena
Abstract: This thesis stresses the importance of the environmental protection. It is important to help the environmental protection by being environmentally friendly, take care of the structure and state of the landscape, respect all the protected areas and thus contribute to the protection of endangered plant and animal species, as well as those that might become endangered in the future. This thesis also covers the characteristics of the localities with incidence of the following endangered species: Corydalis (Corydalis intermedia), True Oxtulip (Primula elaior), Siberian Iris (Iris sibirica) and Marsh Orchid (Dactylorhiza majalis). Additionally, this thesis also covers my own monitoring of the localities with the endangered species of Corydalis (Corydalis intermedia), True Oxlip (Primula elaior) and Siberian Iris (Iris sibirica). Based on literature survey and my own investigation, in the last chapter I propose suitable measures and protection of the monitored plants and localities.
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