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Compensatory schemes for the support of insect populations in open landscape
Jor, Tomáš ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Kadlec, Tomáš (referee)
Insect biodiversity of hay meadows seemingly decreased during the last fifty years due to the land abandonment and radical intensification of agriculture. In contrast to the traditional mowing regime and techniques, nowadays farmers are able to harvest hay from large areas of grasslands with modern machine mowing in a very short time period. This results in a uniform vegetation structure with low food resources for the vast majority of insect species bound to the hay meadows. In order to contradict these trends the European agro-environmental schemes were established. In the Czech Republic these schemes determine specific time and a homogenous regime of mowing. In this thesis we present the results of the study of the effect of uncut grass strips as a compensation measure to promote biodiversity on commercial hay meadows Pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, window traps and individual transects walks were used for monitoring diversity and biomass of intercepted insects and arachnids on 21 sites located in the Český ráj region. The statistical analyses show a (i) significant positive effect of uncut strips on insect biomass and species richness on the treatment sites (Multidimensional analysis (RDA) showed (iv) a positive significant effect of uncut strips on species composition for all studied insect...
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The efect of uncut grass strips on the functional diversity of selected meadow insects communities
Kapr, Jan ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Harabiš, Filip (referee)
This thesis compares the species diversity and the functional diversity of three ecologically important insect taxa (Orthoptera, Heteroptera and Hymenoptera:Aculeata) between production meadows, where the uncut grass strips are left and the meadows mown in the conventional way. Leaving the uncut strips of vegetation is an example of the agri-environmental schemes which were introduced to try to mitigate the negative impact of intensive agriculture on the biodiversity of the production grassland. Here I present part of the results of a four-year study focused on the response of insect abundance and diversity to the meadow management. Based on the recorded insect species diversity, the ecological traits of the insect species were analysed. The functional diversity analysis helps to better understand the ecological relationships in production meadow communities and to evaluate the importance of this agri-environmental scheme for various insect taxonomical and functional groups. Key words: uncut grass strips, agro-envi schemes, functional diversity, production meadows, insect decline
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Regulation of insect pheromone biosynthesis
Halmová, Martina ; Pichová, Iva (advisor) ; Valterová, Irena (referee)
Pheromones are compounds emitted by insects and vertebrates that specifically modulate the behaviour of the same species. Based on the role, pheromones are classified into different types such as releaser pheromones, primer pheromones, sex pheromones, aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones and trail pheromones. Insect pheromones are volatile substances consisting mostly of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds and isoprenoids. Pheromone biosynthesis comprises fatty acid and isoprenoid metabolic pathways. Pheromone biosynthesis must be precisely regulated since the pheromone blend consists of a mixture of compounds with defined ratios and chemical structures. The main aim of this thesis is to summarize the published information about insect pheromone biosynthesis and regulation with a focus on pheromones involved in sexual communication. Attention will also be paid to the biotechnological potential of pheromones in targeted pest management with the utilisation of enzymes present in the biosynthesis of pheromones.
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Application of RNA interference to studies on biology of termites
Žalmanová, Anna ; Hanus, Robert (advisor) ; Smýkal, Vlastimil (referee)
The RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism can be used to reduce the expression of a selected gene in an organism. This method, discovered in 1998, has become the "gold standard" in basic biological research with overlaps to applied research and gene therapy in human medicine. For many reasons, RNAi is a suitable tool for the studies on biology of insects. RNAi is endowed with high sequence specificity, low costs, and easy application also in non-model species. Termites (Isoptera) are very sensitive to RNAi and this method is widely used to understand their physiology and ontogeny. The use of RNAi also has a potential in applied termite research and a significant number of publications have focused on the development of RNAi techniques as non-chemical pesticides against economically important termite species. This bachelor thesis aims to give a broad overview of the existing research on termites that uses the RNAi method.
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Hmyz – složka krmiv pro drůbež: ekonomické souvislosti a marketingová strategie.
Konečný, Lukáš
The bachelor thesis deals with insects as a component of poultry feed from economic and marketing view. Thesis is divided into two parts, i.e. literature research, which include history, legislation, expert articles and studies considering insects in poultry feed. Second part of the thesis deals with insects feed from company Underground Food, market research, searching producer of this feed and price comparison of poultry feed with insects. In the end is proposed marketing strategy how to make poultry feed with insects visible on the market.
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Hymenoptera as a Model Taxon in the Environmental Education at Kindergarten
SUDOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis focuses on insect as a model group for environmental education, in particularly hymenopterous insect. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out, how kindergartens work with topics related to Hymenoptera, and whether and how can this group of insects be used in environmental education. Based on these findings, the program for kindergarten pupils will be created. This program will closely acquaint them with this concept and the effectiveness of this program will be further verified and discussed.
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Insects - theme for art activities in kindergarten
SNĚŽÍKOVÁ, Anna
The theme of this bachelor thesis are insect themed art activities with preschool children. The theoretical part deals with the development of preschool children and the development of children's art expression. Furthermore, environmental education in preschool age, its goals, means and methods. For a deeper examination of the topic, the theoretical part also includes a chapter focusing on insects in fine art. In the practical part there are realized art lessons, of which each lesson focuses mainly on one kind of insects. Part of each lesson is its subsequent evaluation, which includes answers to research questions using structured observation. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to understand the topic of insects as a specific topic for art activities of children in kindergarden. And watch how children's relationships and attitudes towards insects change, how it expands their interests.
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