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New options for cervical cancer prevention
Adámková, Jana ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Fanta, Michael (referee)
This paper examines new ways of preventing cervical cancer. It adopts theoretical as well as empirical approach and is accordingly divided into two sections. The theoretical section provides a brief introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the uterus (Chapter 1.1) and then focuses on the disease itself (Chapter 1.2). The first three subchapters consider the disease incidence, the risk factors and the symptoms. The diagnostics are discussed in the fourth subchapter, which also provides a detailed description of Pap smear testing. Available treatments, currently consisting mainly of a surgical intervention, are examined in the subchapter on therapy. Lastly, the paper discusses ways of preventing cervical cancer, such as preventive gynecological exams and newly introduced vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV); Silgard and Cervavix vaccines are examined in detail. The empirical section evaluates a questionnaire-based survey performed in a private gynecological practice. The aim of the survey was to map the awareness of cervical cancer preventive measures, especially the vaccine option, amongst different age groups of women and establish whether they are having their preventive gynecological tests done.
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Surgical treatment of Brachial plexus birth palsy and possibilities of Physiotherapy
Šolcová, Monika ; Zounková, Irena (advisor) ; Horáček, Ondřej (referee)
Obstetrical palsy of upper limb results from a perinatal lesion of brachial plexus nervous bunch. The incidence of this disease ranges from 0.42 to 5.1 / 1,000 live births. If the palsy isn't diagnosed early and treated adequately, child will be threatened by major consequences later. This work provides the reader with the current view on the surgical treatment of patients with brachial plexus birth palsy. It gives a comprehensive overview on early neurosurgical intervention and secondary orthopaedic reconstruction. It submits opinions on indicating criteria. It describes the main charakteristic and results of operations. It refers to the fact that the choice of a surgical procedure can be essential in therapy. The aim of this work is also to characterize the fundamental aspects of postoperative physiotherapy, which simultaneously goes along with the process of intervention therapy. The practical part of this work includes a case of a patient after a neurosurgical performance. It describes the preoperative examinations, the performed surgery and the implementation of postoperative rehabilitation.
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Carpal tunnel syndrome - therapy options by influencing neurophysiology motion from the root joint
ŠUBERT, Daniel
The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve compression syndrome of the upper limb. CTS is caused by repeated and long-term owerloading specific muscles group with successive compression of medianus nerve located in the wrist area also known as carpal tunnel. The lower part consists of 8 wrist bones covered by ligamentum transversum carpi. The tunnel makes a passage for other structures such as vessels and tendons, all of which being swelled can cause the CTS. CTS is more prevalent among females than among males with ratio 4 to 1. The number of patients suffering from the syndrome is growing higher even with advanced medical science and improved care for patients (Bitnar aj., 2009; Ehler, 2005; Mlčoch, 2008). CTS can affect anyone and the chance to suffer from this condition is around 10% for each individual (Mrzena 2006). The world wide patients' number increase is 0.1% (Katna 2006) and the net prevalence among population is within 2.7 - 3% (Mlčoch, 2008). In the USA, around 260,000 patients indicated with the CTS are operated. The compression of the nerve causes increasing pain and paresthesia. The first symptoms are recorded during night usually passing away with stroking of the hand and hand exercises. During later stages of CTS, the patients suffer from the pain even during day. After being examined by a neurologist, the patients are recommended to undergo a chirurgical treatment which is based on cutting of the ligamentum transversum carpi. The good recovery is ensured by immediate rehabilitation. One year after the chirurgical treatment, the patients are expected to regain full hand abilities. Contrary to the expectations, one patient out of four is not able to regain these abilities. A question arises, are the contemporary exercises of limbs upper acra, which are mainly used for rehabilitation of the patients, effective enough? Is it possible to incorporate these exercises into more complex recovery, implement knowledge of the science of neurophysiology and focus the exercises on the root joint to develop more effective recovery? This thesis integrates theory and empirical findings related with the CTS. The general literature part is focused on relevant anatomy, kinesiology, functional ontogenetic of the upper limb, ways to diagnose and therapy of CTS. The experimental sections of the thesis intents to develop and apply recovery treatment concentrated on the neurophysiology of managing movements from root joint and incorporate these treatments into the standard CTS recovery exercises. Furthermore, a short after CTS operation recovery program will be created and conducted. A set of exercises was developed to activation and strengthening of the glenohumeral joint so the effects would be made means of reflexes path to the acrum and also to the more distant stages of stabilizing system. Developed exercises were applied on two probands diagnosed with CTS. Probands participated on six sessions, during which they were treated with manual therapy of the wrist area and hand. Moreover, probands were informed and instructed how to conduct specific exercises of the glenohumeral joint. Afterwards, set of exercises were performed by probands at least once a week with duration of five to ten minutes. A part longer sessions, were devoted to supervision and correction of exercise program to increase effectively of the treatment. The kinesiological analysis was performed on the probands in the beginning and also in the end. The visual analog scale was utilized as subjective evaluation of therapy effectives. Objective evaluation was measured by staple test, goniometric test and grab test by Novak. The both of probands were fully recovered. Disappearance of the pain and improvement of general motion ability by operated limb were observed. Based on subjective as well objective test, the success of the therapy was proven.
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The Costs Analysis of Colorectal Cancer.
Bednářová, Martina ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Břehovský, Miroslav (referee)
The topic of this dissertation paper is the evaluation and comparison of costs related to the treatment of colorectal cancer in a sample of therapeutically significant groups of patients who were treated in the hospitals in Jindrichuv Hradec and Ceske Budejovice. Particular groups differ by the type of treatment used in this case and it is possible to distinguish patients with initial, advanced and most advanced stages of the illness.
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Cost Analysis of Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the Olomouc Hospital
Radmacher, Erich ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Střítecký, Rudolf (referee)
The aneurysma of abdominal aorta is a pathological amplification of the diameter of this artery. It is a serious illness which affects 2 -- 6 % men and 1 -- 2 % women over 60. In the case of a rupture there is the mortality of 80 -- 90 %. If the aneurysma is diagnosed in time it is necessary to solve this state with an adequate treatment. The surgical treatment consists in substitution of the afflected part with a vessel replacement. Thanks to the development of medicinal technologies the aorta aneurysma is more and more often treated by the help of stentgrapth by which the afflicted part of the aorta is set aside from the circulation. The theoretical (the first) part of this work deals with the issues of the aneurysma of abdominal aorta, and it also describes the methods of its treatment. Then the work describes costs analyses used in the medical service. The practical part of the work is dedicated to the cost analysis of the treatment by means of a cost minimalization method. The work processes data of a group of patients being treated during a certain period of time in the Olomouc University Hospital in the Department of Vessel Surgery and in the Department of Interventional Radiology. The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare objectively the costs of abdominal aorta aneurysma treatment by individual methods, and to compare the results with foreign studies.
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Differences in nursing care of patients after operations of fractures of the pelvis and in the conservative treatment after a pelvic injury.
ADAMČÍKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with fractures of the pelvis, which may be treated in the conservative manner, i.e. by the ligamentum of the pelvis. The ligamentum of the pelvis may be a temporary solution, or it is left until the fracture heals up, or by an operation. Further, nursing care is analysed here, ranging from the admission of the client to the department to his/her discharge. It points out differences in the care of clients in the conservative treatment and in the operational therapy. The research investigation was conducted in the hospitals in České Budějovice and Prachatice. The quantitative research was used for the bachelor thesis, in the form of an anonymous questionnaire, and additionally the qualitative research was conducted in the form of observation. The questionnaire was made up for nurses and contained 32 questions. The observation took place in the intensive care unit, where I had the opportunity to observe 6 nurses at work, and thus check up on the results of the graphs.
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Postoperative treatment in case mammary reconstruction operation for female after ablation.
BOUŘILOVÁ, Hana
Abstract A woman{\crq}s breast represents one of the most important attribute of women beauty. This is why any congenitally conditioned anomaly is usually perceived very sorely. The impact an ablative operation has on a woman is thus more than obvious. Breast loss or deformation for treatment purposes affects a woman in two spheres. With the fear of further treatment procedures, health condition development and further fate most women are scared of how a loss of such a dominant femininity symbol will change their lives. The effort to have a new breast created is often as important as the exactly performed primary operation for an affected woman. It actually relates to recovery of self-reliance and self-confidence in social life of such a woman. A reconstruction operation to create a new breast belongs to very complicated and painful operations. The subsequent post operation period is difficult for the patient and the postoperative regime is strict. The nursing care is long and intensive and it is limiting and burdening for a patient. Nevertheless a woman takes courage to undergo all that and bear all the difficulties linked to the intervention patiently. However such a physical but particularly mental change it brings is worth it. The aim of the thesis was to find out how a woman approaching the operation perceives the nursing care. The next aim was to find how the nursing care affects a patient after such an operation. Six women hospitalized at two different surgery wards were invited to participate in the research. Four patients, one of which was taken to the surgical ward and the three others to the casualty and plastic surgery ward, agreed with the interview. A research question focused on the nursing care perceived from the viewpoint of a patient revealed that patients mainly concentrated on the surgery intervention itself and its success, while the nursing care acts were perceived as a burden and they even became bothering during the time. Another research question was focused on finding how nursing care might affect the course of hospitalization. With regard to the conditions the patients were taken to the nursing personnel was perceived very positively by the patients. Their approach and behaviour helped the patient stand the distress of the postoperative regime and they finally felt satisfied with the hospitalization course. Upon the discovered facts this thesis should clarify the issues of hospitalization to nurses, so as they are able to get a better insight into the patients{\crq} feelings and their perception of nursing care. To be able to focus their care more efficiently and provide it with the knowledge that helps them care about a patient in the demanding conditions from the somatic point of view but also be supportive in the mental sphere. To focus more intensely on communication in the early postoperative period and on helpful approach, which is very important for a patient, as a nurse has possibility to influence a patient positively to a large extent. With regard to the facts discovered we may form a hypothesis that improper environment has negative influence on a patient{\crq}s psyche. The other hypothesis may be a statement that suitable communication may influence patient{\crq}s welfare during hospitalization positively.
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