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Testing of new methods of animal tissue staining
Feitová, Věra ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Klusáková,, Jarmila (advisor)
For accurate diagnosis, detailed information about tissue structure and pathology is often needed. A biopsy is a diagnostic test, used to obtain tissue samples for further examination. The tissue undergoes fixation, cutting, dehydratation, paraffin embedding, slicing, rehydratation and staining. Silver may be used to mark recection borders, when the tissue sample is immersed in a 10% aquous solution of argent nitrate. After cutting, the silver is developed using a commonn black and white photographic developer. Another option is immersing the tissue sample into an aquous solution of ferric chloride and, after cutting, using an aquous solution of potassium ferrocyanide to produce ferric ferrocyanide, otherwise knows as Prussian blue.
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Special access of the radiology assistant to interventional procedures in diagnostics of oncological patients
CANDROVÁ, Daniela
In my work I deal with the peculiarities in approach of a radiology assistant to interventions in diagnostics of oncological patients. Biopsy has a special importance in diagnostics of neoplasm. It is essential for histological and cytological diagnostics. The aim of this work was to find out the incidence of bioptic interventions on oncological patients during one year at radiology department at České Budějovice hospital plc, and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of used modalities. The work proceeds from the presumption that the number of interventions carried out under the sight control without the use of ionizing radiation methods is growing. In the theoretical part of my work appear descriptions of bioptic methods of intervention radiology regarding oncology and its methods, biopsies, screening methods used at biopsy (ultrasound controlled biopsy, computer tomography controlled biopsy, magnetic resonance controlled biopsy, skiascopic controlled biopsy), instrumentarium, especially the needles used for tissue extraction (puncture and bioptic needles), characteristics of oncological patients, the principle of tumour disease, carcinogenesis, oncologically changed tissue, and basic diagnostics of oncology disease. The practical part reveals the number of biopsies performed in 2012 at České Budějovice hospital plc, under computer tomography, ultrasound and mammography machine control, and the number of other interventions on oncological patients, namely localization of impalpable breast lesion, percutaneous drainage of the urinary tract under skiascopic control. Standard methods regarding these interventions and biopsies are described focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of their use for different organs in the body. I also described radiology assistant?s work and created photo documentation of given interventions. In 2012, 96 biopsies were performed under any of the mentioned diagnostic screening methods at radiology department of České Budějovice hospital. They represent 0,06% of the total of 171 466 diagnostic interventions at this department in the respective year. At the same time they represent 3,4% of the total of 2844 interventions of the ČB radiodiagnostic department of that period. From the whole number of 96 biopsies, 79% were performed on oncological patients. No biopsies were performed under magnetic resonance or skiascopic- skiagraphic control. Since the formation of a tumour is supposed to be the main somatic risk which an individual after a low intensity radiation faces, I supposed that the number of bioptic samples taken under sight control without the use of non ionizing radiation is rising, which significantly contributes to radiation protection. It is not univocally assigned which screening method is the best for biopsy. Usually we chose the biopsy that can screen best the site in different organs and that allows the safest, the fastest and the economically most convenient procedure. The chosen method should allow the doctor chose the site for sample extraction. The choice also depends on the habits and the technical equipment of given hospital. In view of the fact that according to this work computer tomography is the most commonly used method for bioptic extractions, and under magnetic resonance control no biopsies are performed, the prestige and importance of a radiology assistant grows up, because their presence at modalities using ionizing radiation is commonly indispensable. The hypothesis of my work has not been proved. Concrete results do not support the operative hypothesis of y work. However, I can recommend concessive long-term type and multicentrically elaborated sample studies. I would be grateful if this work provided an information base for radiology assistants´ training and for interventions in the diagnostics of oncologically ill people.
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CT laser mammography
BAČOVSKÁ, Michaela
According to the data from the Ministry of Health, malignant breast tumours rank in first place in terms of the most frequent malignant tumour disorders in women in the Czech Republic. Every year over 5500 new cases of breast carcinoma are diagnosed, with approximately 2000 women dying each year as a consequence of this disorder. In September 2002 blanket screening for breast cancer was officially launched in the Czech Republic. Its main task resides in identifying breast carcinoma in its early stages, and also in prolonging the survival of patiens due to more effective treatment of the initial stages of the disorder. After the introduction of screening there was logically also an increase in the recorded incidence, and at the same time there should be a reduction of mortality. The endeavour to scan breasts commenced with the development of X-ray examination methods and with the general development of new technologies in the last century diagnostic methods also came to the forefront. Progress was achieved primarily in the area of X-ray examination methods, whilst at the same time there was a parallel development of entirely new methods. Today computer tomography, magnetic resonance or emission computer tomography are entirely available. In terms of scanning breast glands the greatest progress was recorded by mammography, an in close linkage by ultrasound. In addition to these basic and proven methods, the latest development in mammodiagnostics enables us to use also new examination methods, which are used as supplementary methods. One of these is CT laser mammography (CTLM), which is used in several countries worldwide. In the Czech Republic the radiodiagnostice clinic of the Královské Vinohrady Teaching Hospital in Prague and the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno have access to a CTLM machine. As the name indicates, this concerns breast scanning using laser rays. CTLM displays the physiological vessel structure in the breast, as well as any angiogenesis if present.
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Methods of biopsy in mammar diagnostic under X-ray control
KUČEROVÁ, Hana
In the recent years, the issue of malignant female disease, breast cancer, has been increasingly discussed. On top of biological behaviour, the prognosis of the disease depends manly on early diagnosis. The targeted biopsy of the tissue, under visualisation methods control, opens new opportunities compared to the earlier pre-operation biopsies guided by mere guessing and palpation. There is a decrease in the number of open biopsies and unnecessary surgeries of the breast gland. Locating and biopsy of a suspicious lesion may be done via mammography or ultrasound. The most common method of mammography nowadays is digital stereotaxis, the most recent used method is vacuum biopsy. Locating suspicious lesion via mammography is particurarly used for micro-caltifications, which can be visualised only via mammography. The constant development and improvement of biopsy methods of biological material in mammal diagnostics leads to the withdrawal of abundantly used methods earlier and also undoubtedly to the development of new ones. Our aim is to offer the client perfect breast gland care!
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