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Forbidden means and ways of conducting armed conflicts.
Novotný, Jan ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The title of the thesis is forbidden means and ways of conducting armed conflicts. Obviously, this topic is too broad, so thesis is focused on the issue of chemical and biological weapons. These devices are among the weapons of mass destruction and undoubtedly pose one of the major dangers of the contemporary world. The overall goal of this work is to provide perspective on the issue of chemical and biological weapons from a historical perspective and particularly from a perspective of the international law. International legal documents are viewed in historical and political context. Through this analysis of international treaties, we can "effectively" consider their impacts and responses in a "real world". The first part of the thesis serves as a historical introduction with some interesting chapters from early history of chemical and biological weapons. The second part deals with the birth of these weapons in a new and modern form in the 19th century. Great attention is paid to the period of the World War I. It was in this global conflict in which chemical weapons were used in their modern form and in the most massive form at the same time. In next chapters, this thesis examines how chemical and biological weapons and their international legal regulation evolved during the 20th century,...
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Conventions on Chemical and Biological Weapons - Similarities and Differences
JANTAČOVÁ, Veronika
Currently, although we are not jeopardized by global conflicts, but when the threat of chemical or biological attack, especially from the side of some of terrorist groups or a belligerent state, is still real, it is necessary to use all possible available measures for the conservation of global security against conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction. The aim of this thesis is the following: To analyze texts of both stated Conventions and thus to get a consolidated view on the issue of biological and chemical weapons from the legislative point of view. To obtain, on the basis of the analysis and systematic comparison of particular provisions, an overview of identical and different elements in both Conventions. On the basis of results of the mutual comparison of particular provisions of both Conventions, to assess, according to their versions, meaning and extent, the influence on performance of both Conventions. After meeting these objectives it was possible to provide an answer to the stated research question: Are the measures formulated in international Conventions on the Prohibition of Biological and Chemical weapons sufficient in their importance, versions and extent, including the effective control? For the purpose of this thesis, theoretical part is focused especially on defining biological and chemical weapons and effective warfare agents. Furthermore, in order to obtain the idea of the importance of existence of international Conventions on the Prohibition of Biological and Chemical Weapons there is given a brief history of the use of these weapons in armed conflicts and a history accompanying negotiations regarding their prohibition. For completeness, the current state of biological and chemical weapons and compliance with both Conventions are given in conclusion. Second part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis and comparison of texts of both Conventions, so objectives of the thesis could be achieved and the research question could be answered. Stated objectives were achieved with the assistance of methods of the qualitative research. After detailed analysis of both texts and systematic assessment of individual measures contained in them, there were detected especially the range and overall text of each Convention. Subsequently, identical and different articles were mutually compared in order to observe the differences, which could have an impact on the performance of both conventions. After overall review of compliances and differences, and after the assessment of the scale, version and meaning of particular different provisions, the research question could be answered, and at the same time basic recommendations, whose importance may represent means to more efficient implementation of individual provisions of Conventions, could be defined. On the basis of results of comparison of particular provisions of both Conventions, in response to the research question it is necessary to state, that actions formulated in CWC, including its Annexes, appear to be sufficient for compliance with arising obligations. While measures contained in BWC, in particular in terms of the absence of any control measures, which could be used as an effective feedback regarding the implementation of provisions of the Convention, optionality to declare information on activities unrestricted by the Convention and inaccurate definition of components seem to be insufficient in its version, extent and meaning for this purpose. Essential reformation regarding the implementation of the objectives of BWC would be adoption of a complex of control measures according to the design of CWC, which has major impact on the objectives of the Convention. Proposed completion of existing articles, in case of which the change in wording would extend the scope of their versions and increase the emphasis on some areas of contained provisions for more efficient implementation of the Convention, may be also beneficial.
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The way of alternative spread of the biological agents in population.
JIRKA, Martin
This bachelor thesis describes the ways of alternative spread of the biological agents in population. It is focused on the main precursors, which increase the risk of such use. One of the precursors is the availability of biological agents which have the potential to be exploited as a biological weapon. Majority hazardous agents are found freely in nature and could be obtained without much effort. The ability to effectively extend the dangerous pathogens is another important aspect. Among the main ways of the spread, is a form of inhalation, ingestion or inoculation, including spread of biological agents via vehicles and vectors. The ability to threaten the life and health in these ways of spreading agents is evaluated. Last precursor represented an alternative way to spread the biological agents. There are many ways how to spread dangerous germs. The thesis is focused on alternative ways, using of them and devices it´s possible to achieve efficient transfer of biological agents and achieve high damage to health of population. Furthermore, the fact is mentioned that biological agents were previously abused for attack and therefore can´t be trusted that this situation no longer occurs. And because terrorism is recently more dangerous and more cold-blooded, the problems of this topic are also described. At the conclusion thesis tries to find of the all available pathogens, which the aggressor could easily use and evaluates the way of spread the selected pathogen, which would be the most dangerous for the population from the health point of view, including its alternatives. The thesis is handled in the form of a literature search of Czech and foreign literature and the results are processed by the brainwriting method.
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Bioterrorism - a real threat in the 21. century?
Kahánková, Iva ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Fireš, Adam (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis focuses on analyzing the threat of biological weapons and bioterrorism. The Thesis consists of three main chapters. In the first chapter there are mentioned the most frequent pathogens which are commonly expected to be weaponized. The second chapter concerns the biological weapons programmes organized by a state, as this can be evaluated as one of the terrorist's option how to acquire the biological weapons. The third chapter deals with the contemporary biosecurity situation and the future of bioterrorism.
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Population´s Awareness in Case of Epidemic Infection Herd Occurrence
SÝKOROVÁ, Žaneta
Population´s Awareness in Case of Epidemic Infection Herd Occurrence This diploma work deals with the problem of biological weapons. It consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes biological weapons in general, the options of their use and the principles of population´s protection. Further, I focussed on selected diseases which are considered to present biological weapons. The information I acquired is based on technical literature, the internet and the current legislation. The practical part of my diploma work deals with the opinions and attitudes of the Czech population concerning biological weapons and the potential risks of being exposed to biological weapons. Further I tried to find out whether the Czech population is aware of the basic issues of the problem in question. At the same time I focussed on comparing the state of awareness in the age groups of the economically active population on the one side and senior citizens on the other side. The research results have shown that the issue of biological weapons tends not to be appreciated adequately and that the opinions found in both age groups do not show significant differences. Further, an analysis of the acquired data has shown that the rate of awareness of the basic issues of the problem is low and that the population lacks sufficient information how to respond to a biological weapon attack in case of suspected assault. Differences in the level of awareness in the studied age groups have not been confirmed. The research has also shown that the respondents feel they do not have access to sources of sufficient and adequate information on biological weapons. Based on the acquired facts I have written a brochure providing information on biological weapons as well as on the recommended measures in case of suspected exposure. I have also elaborated a proposal concerning the implementation of the project and the distribution of the brochure.
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