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The specifics of CT and MR examination in children
NOSKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's work deals with specifics of examining children by mean of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiological imaging methods CT and MRI are irreplaceable for exact diagnostics of all kinds of diseases and form an integral part of modern paediatric radiology. What is important is not only technological equipment of high quality and specific procedures, but also a professional approach of the medical staff that carry out an intervention. The goal of the work is the provision of basic information about CT and MRI methods, the accent being on child patients, and the description of the course of the above-mentioned examinations in children. Another goal is to analyze specifics of individual examinations. The staff should act professionally as working with children requires a fair amount of patience and understanding. The capability to explain, as easily and effectively as possible, to the parents and the child how the examination will go on is no less important. The examination must be carried out as quickly as possible and the chosen examining method must bring a result of sufficient quality. While being examined, the patient is required to stay at rest in bed, which is a frequent problem in little patients. The theoretical part is divided into a few chapters. Individual chapters describe individual imaging methods and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, there is an overview of contrast agents there, their classification and possible undesirable effects. A chapter on paediatric anaesthesiology is not missing either the knowledge of this area is often very important, especially when examining children under 5 years of age, claustrophobic patients or very restive children. The aim of the practical part of the work was to evaluate the information the parents have on the examination that was indicated to their child (CT/MRI). To that end, a questionnaire was developed, which was available at the Clinic of Paediatrics of the Motol Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Imaging Methods) and in the Brno Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Paediatric Radiology) and contained 25 questions in all. Answers to the questions could have been marked with a cross, elsewhere free answers were possible. Furthermore, data on the number of children examined by means of CT and MRI methods at clinics of paediatrics existing with hospitals having special paediatric radiodiagnostic departments (Motol Teaching Hospital Clinic of Imaging Methods and Brno Teaching Hospital Clinic of Paediatric Radiology) between 2010 and June 2015 was analysed. The data analysed was divided into a few age categories, as per specific needs of the child. The analysis of the data should have helped answer research questions to what extent the parents were informed of the course of the examination of their child and whether the number of children examined by means of CT and MRI methods was increasing. In order to answer the research questions, data from the clinics of paediatrics having special paediatric radiological departments (Motol Teaching Hospital Clinic of Imaging Methods and Brno Teaching Hospital Clinic of Paediatric Radiology) was utilized, as well as the completed questionnaires. The chapter "Results" shows, with the help of graphs, answers to the questions from the questionnaire investigation and the data acquired in the Motol Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Imaging Methods) and the Brno Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Paediatric Radiology). In the chapter "Discussion", the results of the questionnaire investigation and the data acquired are evaluated. The work and its results can be utilized by other radiodiagnostic departments, or they can serve as supplementary material or material of advice for parents and students.
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