|
|
Možnosti využití travních porostů v rámci agrolesnictví
Macek, Libor
The bachelor's thesis deals with the use of grasslands with a focus on grasses and clover in agroforestry systems. The first part describes the agroforestry itself – its characteristics and significance. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on woody plants suitable for agroforestry systems, especially in the conditions of Central Europ, as well as on their production and non-production functions. The most suitable representatives are for example, walnut (Juglans), poplar (Populus), but also less economically used representatives, such as cherry (Prunus) or rowan (Sorbus). At the same time, agroforestry is divided into certain units, which are characterized by their functions, both in the tropics and in Europe. The most typical systems in Europe are mainly silvopastoral systems, but also increasingly used alley cropping on arable land. The second part describes various agroforestry systems using grasslands as well as practical examples of functioning systems in different climate zones. Attention is also paid to individual members of the family Poaceae and Fabaceae suitable for their characteristic properties in these systems. The most important for shading appear to be tolerant representatives such as Agrostis stolonifera L. or Festuca arundinacea Schreb. from the Poaceae family or Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) from the Fabaceae family. Possible interactions related to the coexistence of woody plants, grasses and clover, such as competition and allelopathy, are also not neglected.
|
|
|
Agrolesnictví v suchých oblastech
MUTOTA, Likarius Hilifaali
Agriculture plays an important role in our everyday life. Agroforestry is the intended integration of plants and shrubs into farming systems of crops and animals to form an economic, environmental and social benefit. The study is focused on secondary information from different parts of the world. Reviewed papers include studies about agroforestry, water budgeting and dry climates. It has been discovered that there are several approaches introduced to promote agroforestry and water budgeting. Such approaches are encouraged in dry climates, especially in African countries such as Namibia. One of the best strategies to overcome challenges of dry climates in order to promote agroforestry is what is called water budgeting. Water budgeting can be used for a number of land use and water use developments. The study recommends that future studies should investigate tree species that will suit best in agroforestry projects to improve sustainable water management in agroforestry for dry climates.
|
|
|
Hodnocení převodu plantáží koky na agro-lesnické plantáže kakaa, Huayhuantillo, Peru
Mervartová, Dita
A small village called Huayhuantillo, situated close to the town Tingo María in the region of Huánuco, is a really interesting place due to the cultivation of cocoa trees in the agro-forestry system. The most common shade species is guaba, in Latin Inga edulis. Coca, in general, is considered to be one of the most important plants in Peru, especially in the Andes. Nevertheless, the organized cocaine trade in the time of the Shining Path Party had a significantly negative effect on the social situation in the country. Long term cultivation of coca causes soil erosion while the use of unknown fertilizers, herbicides and by-products of cocaine production pollute soils and water sources. Since the year 2003 the farmers have been forced by different Peruvian organizations and the government of the US to destroy their coca plantations and start cultivating something else, cocoa or coffee for example. That is one of the reasons why cocoa is such an extensive commodity nowadays in Peru and cultivation has increased there. Opinions of local people, soil samples in combination with measuring cocoa trees and shade trees by Fildmap technology in Huayhuntillo suggests that our hypothesis about the advantages of using agro-forestry systems in the case of a conversion of coca plantation is correct.
|
|
|
Influence of air humidity, air and soil temperature and soil moisture on diameter increment of Pinus spp.
Bartoš, Radek
Increments of hourly intervals of Pinus oocarpa was measured during the year 2015. The research was based in Villa Rica area, Peru. Each hour change of stem was measured by band dendrometer even climatic values like air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature and soil water availability were measured every hour too. The measured tree is part of agroforestry system of coffee, where shading tree is the main role. Measured climatic values were compared to daily changes and weekly changes of the stem. A statistically significant effect (p<0.001) was found only for the temperature and humidity of the air and their effect on changes in the strain during day and night. The above graphs have a clear effect on other values where statistical significance has not been demonstrated.
|
|
|
Vliv zástinu na úrodu kávovníku robusta
Klimková, Marie
The coffee plant is one of the most important market crops. The growing demand for coffee has prompted efforts to increase yields and coffee production. New coffee varieties and new growing systems have begun to emerge. Traditional shade grown coffee agroforestry systems have begun to push out modern monoculture plantations, which are unsustainable. Agroforestry coffee systems provide a number of ecosystem services that might help improve farmers' livelihoods, sustain production of crops and conserve biodiversity. This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade on Robusta coffee yields. To achieve this, productivity and berries quality of coffee plants growing under shade trees were compared with those of coffee plants growing under direct sun light. The results show that shade-grown coffee has comparable yields with monoculture plantations.
|
|
|
Shade effect on the Coffea canephora diameter increment in the Mondulkiri province, Cambodia
Garcia Cano, Yessika Alejandra
Agroforestry systems with Coffee are very frequent, and, ecological benefits for the soil, water conservation, biodiversity, and quality have been well documented. It was hypothesized that shade practices might have influence on growth of C. canephora, therefore the increment of coffee shrubs and its relationship with environmental condi-tions like air humidity, temperature and soil moisture were studied. Three different Cof-fee plots in the province of Mondulkiri were selected. From the results, the statistical significance of the differences between the two main conditions, shade and full-sun was not clear, however it was assumed that other conditions besides microclimatic can have influence, like phenological stages of the coffee plant and source-sink relationships. Soil moisture remained higher under shaded conditions.
|
|
|
Vliv rozdílných typů zástinu na vybrané vlastnosti plantáží Coffea arabica v okolí města Villa Rica, Peru
Ehrenbergerová, Lenka
Coffee belongs to very important crops in the world and it is traditionally grown in agroforestry systems. During the five years the four coffee plantations with different type of shading were studied in the foothills of the Peruvian Andes. The highest amount of carbon was found in the plantation shaded dominantly by Eucalyptus spp., followed by Pinus spp., Inga spp. and non-shaded site. The microclimatic characteristic measurement shows that shading reduces the mean air and soil temperatures and increases the air humidity, compared to the non-shaded site. It was recorded drier soil conditions at the shaded site. At all plantations, coffee variety and age had a significant effect on Coffee Leaf Rust incidence. The value of the timber stored in shade trees varied significantly. There were different results for different shade trees species (from 2% to 72% of the annual income from coffee production).
|
|
|
Agrolesnictví v ČR
BEDNARIKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of my thesis is to summarize the positive and negative of agroforestry systems and their perspectives for future. Agroforestry systems in the Czech Republic are seen only rarely. Therefore, in the thesis initially defined agroforestry then the historical development of agroforestry. Another part deals with positive and negative aspect of agroforestry systems with an emphasis on agroforestry evironmental impacts. There are also mentioned the possibility of using agroforestry in relation to the endowment policy of the Czech Republic. Finally, the current state of agroforestry dealt with the perspective for the future.
|
|
|
Revitalizace vytěžených zlatých dolů v Ghaně
Kalivodová, Hana
The thesis presents a solution for restoration of gold mines in Ghana. The solution was created as a model example for a solving territory. The restoration aims are repair of environmental damage and socio-economic development in region. The thesis was divided into two parts. The proposal of the solution was created based on an assessment of local climate, edaphic conditions and social and economic situation of local community. Issues of mining and its legislative framework were evaluated in the first part. The result is restoration through planting trees. Forest plantation will be created in selected area. Agroforestry system will be used for management of plantation. Identifying the most suitable funding way was performed in second part. Funding opportunities were chosen in public and private sector. The proposal of the project was modified according to chosen opportunities. The most suitable organization, which provides grant possibilities, was selected in public sector. The project application was created according to regulation of organization. Business plan was created for private sector in order to obtain an investor. Business plan includes financial, economic and risk analysis. Both options have different procedure, but both will ensure the same aim of restoration. The results were applied to the whole studied area and developmental benefit was evaluated.
|
|
| |
guest ::
