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Foreign language as a communication barrier in intensive care
Zachová, Eva ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Svobodová, Dita (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes if there is communication barrier with foreign patients at the selected intensive care units. We dealt with question whether hospital employees perceive communication with foreigners as a problem or not and how can they solve the problem. The first (theoretical) part is devoted to the role of communication in nursing process and to the definition of term communication barrier. In next chapters we have analyzed the profile of multicultural nursing. Then we focus on the issues of cross-cultural communication and communication barriers in contact with foreigners and the most common causes and techniques used to deal with such situations. We pay great attention to prevention and potential solutions to barriers between cultures and ethnic groups. The motivation for the thesis was supposed effecto of communication gaps on health and higher psychological burden on staff, especially when one of the basic activities of nurses is to educate patients. Research interprets the information obtained from a self-designed questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were distributed to intensive care and resuscitation units in four hospitals in Prague. Statistical evaluation of the questionnaires either confirms or refuses the hypothesis that I set at the beginning of the research. According to...
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Comparison of intercultural competences of nursing staff in the Czech Republic and German-speaking areas
TÝLEOVÁ, Tereza
The increasing migration of population in the 21 century causes development of multicultural societies. With the increasing number of foreigners in individual countries it is possible to also presume an increasing number of patients/clients from different cultures in medical facilities. These facts require modern attitude to nursing, developing of transcultural nursing, implementing multi- and transcultural education in the health care education and propagation of multicultural conception of nursing between the nursing personnel. The result of these necessary changes should be the ability to provide effective nursing care which is culturally adjusted to the patient/client that would also take their specifics, customs and traditions of their culture into account and that would saturate all their biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs according to their race, nationality or belief. This thesis deals with multicultural nursing and confronts cultural competence of the nursing staff in Czech Republic with that in German-speaking countries. This thesis aim is to state the level of multicultural competence of the nursing staff and explore conditions provided to the nursing personnel of the hospital for giving culturally adapted care to patients-foreigners. The results of the research give an overview of the state of culturally competent care in comparable medical facilities in Czech Republic, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. They will also give a feedback to the questioned hospitals. Such information may alert their management to possible lack of knowledge of their nursing personnel and help them direct its further education. The theoretical part of the theses defines the basic concepts regarding culture, ethnic groups, race or nation, formulates the difference between the terms "multicultural" and "transcultural" nursing, multicultural education and culturally competent care, compile the most common sections of specific cultural needs of the individuals. In short it also processes J. Campinha-Bacote's model of cultural competence in health care delivery, the Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor Model for developing cultural competence and the Purnell Model for cultural competence. It also shortly deals with nursing frameworks for acquiring cultural data, such as the Sunrise model from M. Leininger, the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural assessment model and Bloch's ethnic/cultural assessment guide. The empirical part processes and evaluates data obtained during the quantitative research. The accumulation of the data was conducted through anonymous questionnaires that were distributed between the nursing personnel of internal and surgical wards of the hospitals in Czech Republic and in German-speaking countries. In Czech Republic these were hospitals in Prague and in Tábor, in Germany a hospital in Dortmund and one in Cottbus, in Austria the hospitals in Salzburg and in Weiz and in Switzerland a hospital in Aarau and one in St. Gallen. The collection of the data was conducted either on-line or by way of printed questionnaire forms. The acquired data were valorized and sorted into diagrams and tables for further clarity. From the respondent´s answers follows that the queried medical facilities in Czech Republic do not provide sufficient conditions for their workers to give culturally competent nursing care on such a level, as it is at the facilities questioned in the German-speaking areas. The results also show that language skills of the nursing personnel in these hospitals in Czech Republic are worse than those in the German-speaking countries. With the level of multicultural competence the situation is similar; in this field Czech nursing personnel does not match their foreign counterpart. It is necessary to remark that this research sample of two hospitals from each of the countries is insufficient for the results to be applied on the whole Czech Republic or German speaking countries.
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Aspects of dying and death in selected world religions
OLIVOVÁ, Tereza
Dying, death and burial of dead people, those are integral parts of each one´s life. However, despite this fact, the death and everything connected to it is understood by the society as something negative or taboo. Dying, which can take different time, is the last stage of one´s life. Death means the end of an organism, and it must always be stated by a doctor. Nowadays, the death moved from a home to an institution. That is the reason why it is nowadays said to much about the medicalization of death and depersonalization of dying people. Especially in recent years, the phenomenon of taboo of death, which is defined as a lack of basic knowledge in carrying out effective nursing care for the dying, is getting forward. Accordingly to fact that the death and dying is an everyday part of the nursing profession, nurses must have lots of knowledge and skill prerequisites for providing a succesful performance in their nursing career. It is necessary for a nurse, to provide a culturally competent care and if so, he or she must recognize not only the cultural profile of the patient, but also his or her own attitudes, values, heritage, cultural behavior and recognition of specifics in terms of similarites and differences between the minority and majority. In the Czech Republic there live 10,436,560 inhabitants, being part of 23 different nationalities and within this population, there is 2,168,952 people which are believers. At the time of an evolving globalization-unifying the society it is required to have the knowledge of cultural specificities and differences in connection with dying, death and transcultural nursing. My bachelor thesis named Aspects of dying and death in selected world religions, is based only on theoretical background and it tries to describe individual differences which are obvious in selected world religions, namely Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Buddhism, focusing on the final stage of a human life in the formo f dying, death and burial. This work is supposed to have an informative character. The goal, while making this paper, was to provide the reader with a basic picture of four world religions and their attitude in the case of death and dying patients from different cultures and different religious beliefs, than our general society has. A big part of my analysis is a description of a situation, where cultural destructiveness, disability or blindness may occur, thanks to the not-knowing of cultural specificities of the patient, while providing the transcultural nursing care. To obtain the information conserning the current state of knowledge that is described on the following pages of this work, it was necessary to study a large number of bibliographic documents both from Czech, as well as from foreign experts who deal with dying and death and religion itself. Other important sources for this work were professional journals, including the magazine Contact, which is published by the fakulty of Health and Social Care, with the University of South Bohemia, which describes the latest findings, regarding nursing topics so they are related to the topic of this thesis. With the help of operationalization of key words, for searching i used the PudMed professional databases Scopus and EBSCO. This thesis should be enought to explain the differences that are evident in various religions, and thus enable to navigate better in the topic of transcultural nursing at the time of death and dying. The work could also increase the interest of individuals in these phenomenom. The results obtained can be used as a background material for teaching of nursing subjects or for example, as a contribution for seminars, courses and conferences dealing with this issue.
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The Leiniger and the Giger-Davidhizar assessment model and their use in practice
HRÁZSKÁ, Kateřina
Medical staff and therefore also nurses may currently more and more often meet patients from foreign countries. It is beyond question that these clients have their own specific biological, psychological and social needs which the nurses should respect. Theoretical part of this assignment describes the issue of trans-cultural nursing, defines it and explains its importance and historical development. It also deals with some of the multi-cultural care models, i.e. the models by Leininger, Giger-Davidhizar, Campinhy-Bacote and Bloch's Ethnic Nursing Care. In general it also mentions conceptual nursing models, their definitions, origin and importance. The following goals were set for this dissertation: Goal 1: Map the issues related to the Leininger's and Giger-Davidhizar's models and their practical use in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic. Goal 2: Find out if nurses use aspects of multi-cultural nursing within their nursing care for foreign patients. Goal 3: Find out how the nurses benefit from using the trans-cultural nursing models for foreign patients within their nursing process. Goal 4: Formulate nursing documents suitable for application of nursing care for foreign patients. Based on the above goals, several research questions were defined: 1. What nursing models are used in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic? 2. How do nursing documents in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic respect nursing process specifics when foreign patients are concerned? 3. Are nurses aware (and in what scope) of the principles of the Leininger's and Giger-Davidhizar's models? 4. How do nurses use trans-cultural nursing models when caring for foreign patients? 5. How do nurses, in their opinion, satisfy foreign patients' biological, psychological and social needs with respect to their cultural differences? 6. How do nurses educate themselves in multi-cultural care? In practical part of the work, nursing documents or anamneses from selected hospitals in the Czech Republic were collected and their content was analysed with focus on multi-cultural aspects identification. Gathered results were then plot in charts. In the next phase of the investigation, semi-structured interviews were held with ten nurses working in standard wards of selected health-care facilities which provided nursing anamneses. Each of the nurses worked in different hospital. The outcome of my dissertation is a draft of nursing anamnesis based on the Leininger's model which is suitable for data collection from patients coming from different cultural backgrounds.
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The Giger and Davidhizar transcultural assessment model
SOUKUPOVÁ, Jaroslava
Abstract The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model. Because of the globalization we live in the world where {\clqq}the borders are getting closer`` which also means to live our lives in more multicultural society. That is why a nurse must react to modern nursing care and must be well prepared to cope with specific problems of various communities in their health and illnesses. In my diploma work we deal with transcultural evaluation of nursing care according to the J. N. Giger and R. Davidhizar Nursing Care Models. These models are about regardful and tailored care which we apply to members of Vietnamese community living in the Czech Republic. The theoretic part contains problems of the globalization, migration of foreign people, transcultural nursing, the Giger and Davidhizar nursing care models, information about Vietnam and the model application to members of Vietnamese community living in the Czech Republic. In the practical part we created standard of nursing care named Nursing of Vietnamese patient/client in health care institutions and we are interested in its using in the working practice. Then we found out opinions of people working in health care institutions who work with this standard and found out expectation of Vietnamese patients/clients hospitalized in health care institutions whose findings could help with prevention of hospitalization problems. The goals of the work: 1. Using of modification the Giger and Davidhizar nursing care models with giving care to Vietnamese people in health care institutions 2. To find out cultural changes in nursing process and their influence on behaviour of Vietnamese people in an illness 3. To identify problems and expecting of hospitalized Vietnamese people The research was conducted with the help of quasiexperiment and interview in the Regional Hospital Příbram. We addressed 10 nurses and 6 Vietnamese patients/clients. We must point out that in the year 2007 only 6 Vietnamese people were hospitalized there. The goals of the work were achieved. We hope that our work may help to increase quality and efectivity of the nursing care given to Vietnamese people.
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