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Study of microplastic sorption properties
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
There is currently an effort to replace conventional plastics with biodegradable products that will have the ability to replace these substances. One of the possible biodegradable felt, which is currently being studied in detail, is also poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), which is produced by bacteria. This bachelor thesis deals with the sorption of selected substances on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microparticles. Substances whose contamination of water sources is a significant problem today have been selected for this work. Specifically, the sorption of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substance ibuprofen, the triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the most common drug caffeine on PHB particles, which fall in the size of the microplastic group, were studied. The method of liquid chromatography with mass detection was used for analyzes.
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Lightweight plasters of modified composition for final surface treatment of ETICS
Neubauerová, Alena ; Ševčík, Milan (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the verification of the parameters of thin lightweight mineral plasters with modified composition. As alternative raw materials are used expanded perlite Vapex, calcined diatomite Celite and powder waste glass of fluorescent lamps. In the theoretical part is summarized knowledge from completed studies dealing with the issue of compensation porous filler component. In the experimental part is tested consistency of fresh mixture, physical-mechanical, sorption and thermal insulating characteristics. It is compared the appearance of the surface and summarized the results of measuring.
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Study of the medium influence on the pollutants sorption on microplastics
Hamplová, Marie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
With the increasing production of plastic waste, the pollution of the environment by persistent microplastics is increasing simultaneously. Other environmental pollutants, such as various pharmaceuticals, can be sorbed on microplastics. This increases the toxicity of microplastics and their risk to living organisms. Nowadays, the use of so-called biodegradable polymers, which are supposed to degrade spontaneously, is expanding. However, their degradation can also produce microplastics. Therefore, this bachelor thesis deals with the sorption of drugs onto microplastics from biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and with the influence of the surrounding aqueous environment on the rate and mechanism of sorption. Sorption of drugs onto microplastics made of synthetic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was also carried out for comparison. The quantity of drugs was analysed by UPLC-ESI-TQ. Sorption was observed from the drug mixture for antibiotics tetracyclines. The pH value of the surrounding environment influenced the sorption rate of tetracyclines, the highest sorption occurred at acidic pH 4. According to the results of evaluation of sorption by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, PHB microplastics have a higher sorption capacity than PET microplastics. Therefore, PHB microplastics could be a risk for living organisms.
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Study on sorption of inorganic nutrients on lignite
Vahala, Jan ; Klučáková, Martina (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Although lignit represents a valuable chemical substrate, it has been utilized mostly as a fuel in energetic industry. This application is not cost-effective at all and provides a negative ecological impact. Therefore, this bachelor thesis focuses on sorption properties of lignite utilizable in its alternative, mostly agricultural applications. Experimental part of the work deals with sorption and desorption of model inorganic nutrients (nitrates and phosphates as main components of standard inorganic fertilizers). Results of the experiments provides closer view on an application potential of lignite as a carrier of these nutrients or as an organic supplement to traditional NPK agricultural fertilizers.
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Eliminating odors in the sewer network
Novotný, Jiří ; Malaník,, Stanislav (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis focusses on the elimination of odor in the sewer system. Firstly, the paper contains the research in problematics of the origin, control and risks of the hydrogen sulfide for humans as well as for the sewer system. Secondly, the paper describes methods for hydrogen sulfide removal from water, air and in addition to that the selected sorbents are described in detail. Practical part deals with sorbent testing for hydrogen sulfide removal in laboratory environment. The practical part also follows up the odor in the particular area through sorption on sewer filters. From the measured data and from the results of the laboratory analyzes the consequences of the odor are evaluated and recommendations for the operator are presented.
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Interactions and imobilization of pharmaceuticals in soil systems
Šmerdová, Kateřina ; Krouská, Jitka (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
In these days, most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including diclofenac (DK), are considered as environmental contaminants. In this thesis, the sorption and desorption mechanisms of diclofenac in soils with different organic matter content were studied. The pH of the medium and its effect on DK adsorption by Britton – Robinson buffer were also studied. Last but not least, the spontaneous degradation of DK in water under sunshine was observed; depending on similar studies, the photodegradation product has been described. The value of pH and conductivity of all the samples were monitored continuously throughout the experiment. It has been found that the content of soil organic matter has a colossal influence on the drug sorption and desorption. Studied soil with a higher content of organic matter recorded higher adsorption of DK in all monitored koncentration of DK. Different pH values also affected the sorption and desorption of DK. By results, a neutral and alkaline environment supports the adsorption of DK more than an acidic environment. The samples were analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Photodegradation of DK in water was successful after 4 months. The degradation product was analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and FTIR spectrometry. The product of fotodegradation could probably be carbazole derivative.
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Study of sorption properties of biochar
Kocinger, Oskar ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with sorption properties of biochar produced from wood biomass treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid and activated carbon with respect to the triazine pesticide propazine. Although pesticides are widely used in both agriculture and the private sector worldwide, they pose a significant risk to ecosystems and human health. Propazine belongs to the group of chlorinated triazine herbicides, which pose a risk mainly as endocrine disruptors. The sorption of organic pollutants using pyrogenic carbonaceous materials promises an efficient and economically affordable solution, which has recently received increasing attention from the scientific community. In this work, we used isotherms to describe the equilibria of propazine sorption to given sorbents during vial experiments. Analysis of the propazine content in the model water solutions after reaching equilibrium was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass detection.
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Interaction of Ibuprofen with Different Soil Types
Krajňáková, Soňa ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Táto práca sa zameriava problematiku interakcie ibuprofénu s pôdnym systémom. Popísané sú jeho základné vlastnosti, správanie a faktory ovplyvňujúce toto správanie. Vo všeobecnosti najvplyvnejšími faktormi je prítomnosť pôdnej organickej hmoty v pôde a pH. Ibuprofén patrí do skupiny nesteroidných protizápalových liečiv. Patrí medzi ľahko dostupné a vysoko konzumované liečivá. Toto prispieva k jeho narastajúcemu transportu a kontaminácii životného prostredia. Jeho prítomnosť v životnom prostredí môže pôsobiť negatívne na živé organizmy. V experimentálnej časti bol preskúmaný vplyv pôdnej organickej hmoty a pH na sorpciu a desorpciu ibuprofénu. Použité boli tri pôdy získané z odlišných regiónov Českej republiky. V rámci procesu sorpcie a desorpcie boli použité koncentrácie v rozmedzí 1 až 10 mg/l. Vplyv pH na sorpciu a desorpciu bol preskúmaný použitím koncentrácie ibuprofénu 10 mg/l a Britton-Robinsonovho pufru s pH 3, 7 a 10. Detekcia ibuprofénu v jednotlivých vzorkách bola uskutočnená pomocou UV-VIS spektrometrie a kvapalinovej chromatografie s hmotnostne spektrometrickou detekciou.
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Influence of changes in concrerte pore structure on actually durability of reinforced and pre-stressed structures.
Kovalčíková, Hana ; Adámek, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis deals with a durability of concrete, which has become the centre of the interests of international scientific insitutes during the last years. The resistence of reinforced concrete depends on the covercrete which the aggresive liquids and gases penetrate through from the environment to reinforcement. According to the ability of the covercrete to penetrate degradative species is possible to tell the durability of concrete constructions. In experimental part we look for the actual state of covercrete, ordinary and high strength, by combination of various experiments. We can find here the test´s results of water and gas permeability and absorbability and sorption of concrete which complete the permeability tests. In final part the impact of different concrete types on durability of reinforced concrete is discussed.
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