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Mechanisms of natural resistance of quinoa to abiotic stresses
Cíza, Marek ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Quinoa is traditionally grown crop originating from areas adjacent to Andean Mountains in South America, where it is grown by local native population for over 5000 years. Its extraordinal resistance to abiotic stresses as salinity, drought or frost, along with quite exceptional nutritional qualities of the seed, earned it the designation "supercrop" and the year 2013 was even announced by the FAO organization as the International Year of Quinoa. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the main mechanisms responsible for quinoa resistance to frost, salinity and drought. Marginally, this work also focuses on reaction of quinoa against an attack of most common fungal pathogen and also on different sensitivity of quinoa varieties towards the lenght of photoperiods, which are two important factors in expanding the cultivation of quinoa outside the original area.
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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Preparation and qualitative evaluation of pasta with various portion of quinoa flour
BIGASOVÁ, Věra
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a very nutritionally valuable crop with versatility. The aim of this work was a practical experiment to test the possibility of pasta production with different proportions of quinoa flour and evaluate their selected qualitative properties. The thesis includes also photos of pasta production and the results of questionnaires summarizing the views of consumers on pasta containing quinoa flour. We can advise to use of quinoa flour up to 30% share for the production of quinoa-semolina pasta. Adding eggs or the pregelatinized quinoa starch inches the possible share of quinoa in the pasta up to 40% representation.
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Value and utilization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in human nutrition
BIGASOVÁ, Věra
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a nutritionally high-quality crop with versatile utilisation. The aim of this thesis was to summarize the knowledge about the composition of the seeds of quinoa, their processing, utilization for human nutrition, utilization in diets; the influence of consumption of quinoa on human?s health, products on the market and the situation of growing and availability in the world and in the Czech Republic. Quinoa does not contain gluten, so it is a suitable foodstuff for people with the diagnosis celiac sprue. Now, we can expect that the number of people with this diagnosis will sharply increase in the Czech Republic, because of planned more detailed screening of the celiac sprue occurrence. Quinoa is as an excellent functional food high in quality protein and with positive impact on the human organism; therefore it is suitable for the extension and enrichment of diets healthy people too. The thesis includes also photographs of quinoa growing and the results of a questionnaire survey targeted to awareness of quinoa among people with celiac disease.
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