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Pupils' problems when solving problems requiring substitution
Schánělec, Jan ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
Title: Pupils' problems when solving problems requiring substitution Abstract: The work focuses on 8th and 9th graders' difficulties and mistakes when solving problems using substitution. The theoretical part defines the used concepts and discusses selected results from international comparative studies and studies focusing on substitution. The main goal of the work is to identify pupils' difficulties and mistakes they make when solving problems using substitution and to discover their origin or cause. To achieve this goal the empirical part begins with an analysis of three sets of textbooks used by pupils involved in this research study. This is followed by a description of conducting and subsequent analysis of fifteen clinical interviews on problems with substitution with 14 to 15 year old pupils (9th graders from elementary schools and 3rd graders from lower secondary grammar schools). In the final part the most common mistakes are summarised and relations to their possible origin in the set of textbooks used looked for. The conclusion is that pupils do not have problems with substitution as such when substituting natural numbers into first power variables. However, this does not hold for substitution of variable in the second power. Pupils have problems when substituting for a variable with a negative...
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Transfer between verbal and algebraic descriptions. Pupils' strategies and problems
Novotná, Anežka ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Roubíček, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to gain insight into the problems that pupils have when switching between verbal and algebraic expressions, through the analysis of their problem-solving processes. The work is divided into theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part of the paper contains three sections. The first describes the analysis of three selected Czech textbooks series for primary schools in terms of teaching the concept of variables and algebraic expressions. The next section deals with international comparative research TIMSS and the success of Czech pupils of year 8 in algebra. In the third section, results of international research concerning the issue of transition between verbal and algebraic expressions are described. The main part of the work is the experimental part, it aims to describe the difficulties encountered by pupils in algebra and to identify their likely sources. The basis for the own research was a set of 9 problems based on released TIMSS problems. The target group of pupils was year 9 of primary school, with whom the investigation was carried out via think-aloud interviews. First, a pilot study was conducted on a sample of 3 pupils, during which a set of test problems was checked. The main study involved 8 pupils. The think-aloud interviews were recorded and later...
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Remote control of targets
Tkáč, Stanislav ; Frýza, Tomáš (referee) ; Jakubová, Ivana (advisor)
The task of this work is to make a functional device, that is intended to close only one of several (38 to 55) of electromagnetic valves. Which valve is going to be switched is elected either of the push-button keypad, or from a PC via RS 232. Equipment must be made using one or more PIC processors.
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Derivative in apllied problems - a digest of solved examples.
SEKAL, Tomáš
The theme of this diploma thesis is to create a collection of exercises on the differentiation in application tasks. It focuses primarily on tasks of everyday situations, physical problems and problems from technical disciplines. Exercises are sorted from easy to advanced ones. For each example there is a solution procedure provided and illustrated with sketches of given situations created in majority with Google SketchUp, graphs of functions created in GeoGebra, eventually 3D graphs of each function created using mathematical program Maple. In the very introduction of this theses there is theoretical base and "first aid" provided in the form of instructions on solving this kind of exercises.
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Statistical methods in R
Jiráň, Robin ; Löster, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bílková, Diana (referee)
This thesis deals with the most important statistic methods, ways of calculating and syntax in the environment of R statistic programme. The initial parts of the bachelor thesis content a brief theoretical basis for the main chapters of the practical part. In the following chapters the use of R programme itself for calculating statistic tasks is explained. The particular parts of recording functions in R programme are presented, important arguments are described and both text and graphical inputs are displayed.
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DSS for energy saving of potential clients
Škrobánková, Jana ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Kašparová, Dana (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on a model-oriented system for decision support. The main contribution of the thesis consists in creating a system simulating energy saving which would result from the purchase of plastic windows and/or of a heat pump. The basis of the simulator is a functional model consisting of individual variables and connections between them and created in compliance with relevant notation. The thesis describes and illustrates not only the model structure itself, but, in the same time, also its logic on which basis the corresponding energetic saving is calculated after entry of necessary initial values. The diploma thesis includes, in addition to the model, also the description and the graphical representation of the created user interface which provides the user with easy entry of parameters and clear display of results. The introductory part of this work introduces the basic theoretical terms and approaches concerning the system dynamics together with its principles. The following part is dedicated to the description of the enterprise for which the system for decision support was created. The final part contains the above mentioned model, its structure and description, as well as the created user interface.
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