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Opposing compulsory vaccination as an expression of elementary classification of effective substances
Hanzlík, Kryštof ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
My thesis is concerned with a public resistance to compulsory vaccination, which has only recently become a problem to watch in Czech Republic. It aims to demonstrate different ways of interaction between the expert medical discourse, which advocates and sanctions vaccination, and the discourse of a particular group of vaccination objectors. They include different conceptualizations of expert knowledge, evaluating a legitimacy of the expert institutions and a conflict between experts' claim to take care of a public health and a demand to put the responsibility for one's health in the hands of each citizen. These motives also take places in two general conceptualisations of health and disease. The conceptualisation which is typical for vaccination objectors stresses the importance of a natural and holistic treatment but it also shares some similarities with the expert conceptualisation. These differences and similarities have been systemically examined in a qualitative analysis of 18 interviews with parents refusing to vaccinate their children. It proposes an elementary classification of effective substances along with the criteria of their harmfulness which include rational calculations of particular risks but also the synthetic nature of the substance, its manufacturing and distribution by...
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Passportisation views of parents for mandatory vaccinations of children
ČERNÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis on "Passportisation of parents´ opinions on compulsory child vaccination" deals with child vaccination itself and subsequently it identifies and mutually compares social context with parents´ opinions and attitudes towards compulsory and non-compulsory vaccination. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part I deal with theoretical observations of given problem and the practical part is focused straightaway on parents´ individual attitudes towards child vaccination. The goal of this thesis is to find out parents´ of up to 5 year-old´s opinions on the vaccination of older children. I extended my thesis in more goals that were trying to find out the relations between social questions and between supporters and opponents of compulsory and non-compulsory vaccination. To reach the set goals I used a quantitative research method and I picked a questionnaire survey among the parents of children of different ages, to be the method. I have come to that social status is not decisive for the decision of parents during the compulsory and non-compulsory vaccinations. I have found out that almost all parents of children up to the age of five years do agree with a compulsory child vaccination, but an absolute majority was against a non-compulsory vaccination. Almost half of all respondents who had children older than the age of 5 years voted for a compulsory vaccination. An interesting outcome of my research is that respondents who have disagreed with a compulsory vaccination have gained a secondary school diploma. The results have been processed into tables and summed up in a discussions where I compared some of them with similar research results from the years of 2012 and 2015. I included my own opinion within the discussion, as well as a solution proposal for the given problem. In the conclusion I have summed up the whole thesis. The research results may be published in magazines or may serve as an information source for experts, or even as a back-up material for respondents.
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The question of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage
Borovcová, Anna ; Bezchlebová, Daniela (advisor) ; Fabiánová, Jana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the issue of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. Therefore it focuses on all vaccines against infectious diseases which are now mandatory for all of the children: measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, viral hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The goal of this thesis is to illustrate the importance and benefits of vaccination on incidence and mortality of these diseases. Another part of this thesis is also description of methodology which is used to gather data about vaccination coverage and what the results are. In this part Liberec Region is used as an example. As a result of the unsuitable methodology which is used for data gathering in the Czech Republic, it was not possible to say whether the vaccination coverage de-creases in time. The thesis itself provides an information overview about vaccination which is important from demographic point of view and it also might be an impulse for changing current methodology of data collection.
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The Legal Aspects of Mandatory Vaccination and its European Context
Mrklasová, Marta ; Vavrečka, Jan (advisor) ; Grmelová, Nicole (referee)
The diploma thesis regarding The Legal Aspects of Mandatory Vaccination and its European Context was created in order to map the legal regulations of mandatory vaccination in the Czech Republic and to describe the repressions of unvaccinated children in the Czech Republic and in other member states of the European Union. Part of the thesis consists of a jurisprudence research of The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, The European Court of Human Rights and The Court of Justice of the European Union related to the field of mandatory vaccination. Special focus is given to the comparison of the number of mandatory vaccinations in the member states of European Union as well as to the comparison of their legislations. The fundamental question reflected in the diploma thesis is the one of the human rights of individuals guaranteed by the European Union, international conventions and national legislations of the states and the possibility for them to be limited in order to protect the public health. In the thesis, there are listed and described the human rights affected by the whole concept of vaccination and also the conditions that have to be fulfilled in order to allow the human rights to be restricted. For this purpose the cases from legal practise serve as a support. In addition, there is a chapter regarding the promotion of newly developed vaccines for voluntary vaccinations, which reveals the marketing tools used for this purpose. For a better understanding of the field of mandatory vaccination, there is included a chapter titled The Insight of Expertise Necessary for the Interpretation and Application of Law. This chapter completes the aspects of mandatory vaccination from the medical point of view, lists the mandatory vaccinations in the Czech Republic and member states of the European Union and the vaccines used for performing the vaccinations. Keywords: human rights, mandatory vaccination, jurisprudence of The European Court of Human Rights and The Court of Justice of the European Union, repressions of unvaccinated children
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Survey of vaccination coverage and vaccination discipline in compulsory vaccination
MAXOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this survey is also to determine vaccination coverage in compulsory vaccination of kids in the first years of life, compliance of vaccine dose timing with vaccination schedule and reasons why some children were not vaccinated. Another goal is to analyse the reasons for some kids in the first years of life being vaccinated late and whether some kids in groups most at risk are vaccinated against tuberculosis. We used a quantitative research method in the form of a cross-sectional study comprised of data collection and analysis. Our research sample consisted of children born in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in České Budějovice district. The reason why we have chosen this particular group of children is that (if applicable vaccination schedule had been adhered to) they were supposed to be fully vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, haemophilus influenzae b, Hepatitis B virus, poliomyelitis (DTPHibHB). This group of 831 children (427 boys and 404 girls) have been chosen by random sampling from practising paediatricians. These selected physicians provided us with data about all children born in above mentioned years. The results showed that overall vaccination coverage for Infanrix Hexa vaccine (four doses) is 98.2% and 97.26% for Priorix vaccine (two doses). Vaccination coverage for tuberculosis in the years 2009 and 2010 was 90.05%. In the first years of life, up to 88.1% of newborns were vaccinated against tuberculosis ? at least, according to vaccination schedule (and applicable Order). In the first year of life, 99.9% of children have been given three doses of Infanrix Hexa vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae b invasive disease and Hepatitis B virus. In the first eighteen months of life, 97.4% of children in analysed sample were given fourth dose of said vaccine. 68.6% of children were given the first dose of Priorix-Tetra vaccine in the first fifteen months of life. In the following six to ten months, 75.4% of children were given the second dose. Further analysis revealed that in 40.5% of analysed records some vaccine dose timings were not met. The most common reason for vaccination delay was the state of health of the child. Two instances of vaccination delay were also caused by the omissions of parents. In 2010, indication for vaccination against tuberculosis was recorded for one newborn. In 2011, for four children from the analysed sample vaccination against tuberculosis was recommended. In all cases, vaccination against tuberculosis has been carried out in calmetisation centre. Taking into account my study and its results I can safely assume that the goals of my diploma thesis have been met and the hypotheses set forth have been confirmed by the research.
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Position and Responsibilities of Parents in Relation to Mandatory Vaccination
FANFULOVÁ, Iveta
The BA thesis deals with the attitudes of parents to compulsory vaccination. The aim was to find out what the attitudes of parents to compulsory vaccination are in České Budějovice. The thesis is divided into two independent parts. A content analysis of relevant documents was used in the theoretical part which also explains and defines concepts associated with the above mentioned subject. The theoretical part is followed by research which was carried out by means of a survey, i.e. a semi-structured interview technique. At the same time, a method of observation, i.e. a technique of structured observation with pre-defined observed phenomena, was also employed. A total of 10 parents living in České Budějovice took part in the research. A main research question was set, and so were four subsidiary questions which were necessary for its answering and which focused on what experience parents had with compulsory vaccination, on the assessment of the current vaccination system, on the behaviour of parents in the case of a transfer to voluntary vaccination and on possible objections to compulsory vaccination. The results of the research show that a majority of the chosen parents has a positive attitude to compulsory vaccination and that most parents agree with preserving its compulsory character. At the same time they responded that if this vaccination were to become voluntary, they would nevertheless have their children vaccinated. The BA thesis and the results of its research can serve as a source of information for parents who are interested in the issue of compulsory vaccination.
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How parents are informed about children´s vaccination benefits
MAŤÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
ABSTRACT How parents are informed about children?s vaccination benefits Inoculation is a very effective protection of children and adults against not only diseases but their consequences as well. In spite of that it is often discussed and it has a number of opponents. The bachelor thesis ,,How parents are informed about children?s vaccination benefits?? consists of a theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical one includes basic information about vaccination. There you can find information on composition of vaccination substances and indications to inoculate, on possible undesirable post-vaccination reactions, on counter-indications as well as on vaccination substances used in the Czech Republic within the framework of compulsory and optional vaccination. The practical part includes results achieved. A quantitative research strategy was used for processing the data. The questioning method ? questionnaires ? was used for data collection. The questionnaire was intended for parents with children under 15 years. The research was carried out in nine general practitioners? surgeries for children and young people in Mladá Boleslav. 150 questionnaires were distributed, 140 were returned. 15 of them could not be used due to incorrect or incomplete completion. So the rate of return was 83.3%. 125 of them were used for the research. The investigation took place in the spring of 2011. The objective of the thesis was to map how parents were informed about compulsory children?s vaccination at the age of 0 to 15 years old in Mladá Boleslav. Moreover, the objective also was to confirm or disconfirm four hypotheses. H1 hypothesis supposed that parent?s education influenced their awareness. It was confirmed. H2 hypothesis expected that parents received most information about vaccination from a paediatrician. That hypothesis was also confirmed on the basis of the results found. H3 hypothesis said that parents would welcome extension of the existing vaccination calendar, especially TB inoculation should be added. That hypothesis was confirmed partially. H4 hypothesis suggested that parents with only one child were less informed. The results did not confirm it. I would like my thesis to be a clear information source for parents and to be a stimulus for their increased interest in those problems.
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