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Nurse´s role in caring for abdominal sudden event patients
JAREŠOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of nursing staff in the case of providing health for patients with acute abdominal incident (AAI) with a focus on preoperative and postoperative care for patient with AAI from the perspective of patients and nursing staff. This bachelor thesis is traditionally divided in the two parts, theoretical and prac-tical. This work aimed to "Describe the preoperative nursing care for patients with AAI" and "Describe postoperative nursing care for patients with AAI". The research part of this bachelor thesis has been conducted using a semi-structured interview with nurses work-ing in the surgical department and with patients who underwent AAI. Theoretical satu-ration was achieved with 5 nurses and 5 patients. The interviews were according and transcripted verbatim afterwards. The obtained information was processed by an open coding method and subsequently categorized. The research was conducted in April 2021. The interviews with patients display, that patients in critical condition with AAI are not able to perceive the preoperative care. The research also showed that the area of postoperative care is perceive by patients after AAI in the same way as other patients after other planned procedures. Futhermore the interviews suggest that patients appro-priately understand the necessary measures they have to follow once they are released from hospital to their home environment, which indicates that the nursing staff pro-vides adequate education to their patients. Results from nursing staff´s interviews show, that the nursing staff understand adequate procedure in acute preoperative and postoperative care when dealing with patients with AAI. The results from the preopera-tive care interviews identify an insufficient psychological preparation before an acute surgery in patients with AAI. The nursing staff acknowledges this problem. In their opinion, this problem is connected to the lack of time available in the preoperative preparations. This bachelor thesis suggest that better cooperation among the nursing staff is necessary when dealing with patients with AAI and also that psychological sup-port before an operation should not be overlooked. The results from this bachelor thesis can be used as study materials for medical staff or medical students.
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The Role of Nurse of Patient after Kidney Transplantation
ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The diploma thesis sets two goals: 1. To find out the role of the nurse in postoperative care of a patient after a kidney transplant. 2. To map the specifics of nursing care for patients after kidney transplantation. Therefore, in order to meet the goals, four research questions were set: 1. What is the role of the nurse in postoperative care of a patient after a kidney transplant? 2. How does the role of a nurse in the postoperative period in a patient after a kidney transplant differ from postoperative care of the patient to another abdominal operation? 3. How does the role of a nurse in the postoperative period differ in a kidney transplant patient after another abdominal surgery in the standard ward and in the ICU? 4. What are the differences in the postoperative nursing care of a patient after a kidney transplant and the postoperative care of a patient after another abdominal surgery in the first days after the operation? The theoretical part of the work is divided into individual chapters, which describe the history and development of kidney transplantation, indications and contraindications of kidney transplantation, organ donation and inclusion on the waiting list, surgical techniques of transplantation and postoperative complications, immunosuppression and specifics of postoperative care and the effect of transplantation on pregnancy. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the history and modern view of the roles of nurses, the relationship between nurse and patient and finally the role of nurses in surgical fields. The practical part of the diploma thesis is processed by a qualitative method in the form of a semi-structured interview. The interview was conducted on the basis of pre-prepared questions with ten general nurses working in the inpatient department and intensive care unit of Transplant Surgery at IKEM. The analysis of the interviews took place in the form of "paper-pencil" and the method of open coding. All interviewed nurses refused to record the interviews in the form of an audio recording, which was respected. The results were divided into categories. The work should provide a comprehensive view of patient care in the postoperative period after kidney transplantation, describe its complexity and the differences between patient care after normal abdominal surgery and after transplantation. It can be used as a teaching material.
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Comprehensive nursing care of the patient with gallbladder disease from perspective of nurse and patient
HLINŠŤÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with comprehensive nursing care for patients with gallbladder diseases. The aim of the work was to find out how not only the patient but also the nurse looks at preoperative and postoperative care. Four objectives were set in the work, as the first "Map the comprehensive preoperative preparation before gallbladder surgery in the surgical department from the nurse's point of view." after the gallbladder surgery in the surgical ward from the nurse's point of view." And fourth "Map postoperative care after gallbladder surgery in the surgical ward from the patient's perspective." A qualitative research survey using a semi-structured interview technique was chosen for data collection. The research group consisted of patients who underwent gallbladder surgery and nurses working in the surgical department. It turned out that patients do not really perceive the preoperative sequence of nursing care, but rather follow the instructions of nurses. Further investigation has shown that all patients know the principles they must follow after discharge from the hospital (diet, wound care, rehabilitation), which testifies to the quality education of nurses. The results for nurses show that nurses know the principles of preoperative and postoperative care. The results of the research pointed to the insufficient psychological support of the patient by the nurses. The nurses perceive this problem, which according to them is related to the lack of staff and thus also the time per patient. The bachelor's thesis, as a recommendation for practice, showed that it is necessary to create a time reserve in the work of nurses so that they can also focus on the psychological support of patients.
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Experience of a heart transplant from patient´s perspective.
MAZÁK, Vít
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of the experience of the whole process of a heart transplant from the patient's perspective. The aim of this thesis is to map the needs of patients during the process of heart transplantation. This goal was achieved using research questions about how the patient perceives nursing care, what feelings they experience, what their needs are and subsequently how they comply with the precautions after the heart transplant. The theoretical part focuses on the history of organ transplantation with a closer look on the history of heart transplantation and approaches the transplantation law in the Czech Republic, and includes the topic of the most common causes of a heart transplant. Then, it elaborates on the conditions of the heart transplant and the subsequent inclusions of the patient on the waiting list. It also briefly describes selected examinations preceding the heart transplantation, the patient's preparation and the general course of the operation. It explains the nursing care of the patient after the heart transplant, patient's needs and rehabilitation after the surgery and early complications. After that, the thesis follows up with describing the nursing care in the hospital and the patient's home rehabilitation. It also focuses on the psyche during the transplantation process, on the description of immunosuppressive drugs and the contexts of their use. The research part of this work utilizes the qualitative research method. A semi-structured interview consisting of 29 questions was used to collect the data. The research group consisted of six patients, who have undergone a heart transplant. During the research that was to map the needs of informants, it has become clear that the needs of a heart transplant patient are usually met thanks to the high level of nursing care, which is provided to them. The quality of nursing care identified in this cases is highly adapted to the individual needs of the interviewed. Most patients do not have a problem receiving a foreign organ, but in some cases they would need more time to absorb a fact, that it is an organ from other human. What emerged from other results is, that some patients have a feeling they are insufficiently informed about the heart transplantation before the operation itself.
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Role of nurses in postoperative care in patients with lung cancer.
PLECEROVÁ, Jana
At present time the lung/ bronchial carcinoma is the most frequent malignant disease but not only in our country but worldwide. It is an insidious disease that at the beginning is asymptomatic (i.e. without clinical symptoms), however it has an extraordinary unfavourable prognosis. The lung/ bronchial carcinoma is painless disease therefore the sick people (adversely affected by lung/ bronchial carcinoma) do not suffer from any significant health trouble for very long time. In a later stage some of the patients realize the fact, that they are facing some health troubles. They find out that something go wrong as far as their health condition is concerned, the most frequent case is reported as breathlessness or difficulties in breathing in general. Their difficulties in breathing is frequently attributed to their weight, physical strain, stress, workload, work environment they work in. These patients usually make an appointment with the physician not sooner than they observe further manifestations of the illness which testifies to advanced stage of the illness, however. These symptoms often are the following: haemoptysis, rhonchus/hoarseness, chronic cough, dysphagia, pains, loss of weight. The lung carcinoma is frequently discovered on a random basis within a preoperative preparation for another surgical intervention i.e. the centre of lung carcinoma is identified when heart and lungs are X-rayed. The very sad moment of this disease (lung carcinoma) is the fact that overwhelming majority of the patients bring about this insidious illness or contract the illness themselves. The reason is smoking. Present youth regard smoking fashionable and modern. They feel and perceive smoking as their need to try something new and majority of them persist with smoking. They become smoking addict and only small percentage of them seek a help or assistance of an expert in making people give up smoking. In the past we encountered the diagnosis of lung carcinoma with the patients whose age fell in between 60 (sixty) and 70 (seventy). At present time the patients with such a diagnosis are rather younger. Their age fall within the interval 40 (forty) and 50 (fifty). I can express my belief that the public should be not only better informed but also keep informed about the life-threatening lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumour, ways and means of healing, primary and secondary prevention and help and assistance in making people to give up smoking. The public should be informed and be kept informed about risk factors that lead to the origin and development of this insidious disease. The media should do whatever possible to present statistics, research investigations dealing with the origin and development of lung carcinoma, case reports regarding patients with this diagnosis. Several years ago, there were cigarette packets provided with various pictures on them presenting risks of smoking as well as possible complications and troubles accompanied with smoking including lung carcinoma. Unfortunately, this campaign did not achieve such effect as it had been expected. This diploma work has been worked out by focusing on theory. Its goal is to present the problem of lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumours in the Czech Republic and in the world. The crucial area of the diploma work is devoted to the surgical therapy of the lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumours that is subject of permanent development and still brings new pieces of knowledge in the field of therapy of lung malignity. Another aim of this diploma work is to clarify, map out and visualize the position and role of nurses in postoperative care for the patients with lung carcinoma/ tumour. The conclusion of the diploma work focuses on specific questions and requirements of the palliative care and its models. This diploma work makes it possible to get an overall view of the specialized field of malignant lung tumours, their statistics, the numbers of which has been rising.
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Specifics of nursing care in children before and after cardiac surgery.
NOVOTNÁ, Stanislava
Heart defects are classified into two types: critical and non-critical, with the vast majority of heart defects requiring immediate initiation of treatment or initiation of surgery. This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children before and after such a cardiac surgery invasion. The first goal of this work was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery, the second goal was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery, and the third goal of the bachelor thesis was to map the issue of nursing care for children before and after cardiac surgery from the parents' point of view. In the bachelor thesis, two research questions and two hypotheses were set. The first research question concerned the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery. The second research question aimed to define the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery based on findings. In the first hypothesis, we were interested in whether the parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery are educated in the field of nursing care. The second hypothesis was to determine whether the parents of children undergoing heart surgery are satisfied with nursing care. The first part of the research was carried out using the method of qualitative research, in the form of a semi-structured interview with nurses who care for children before or after heart surgery. The second part of the research was carried out by the method of quantitative research, in the form of anonymous questionnaires with parents of children before and after cardiac surgery. Interviews in the qualitative survey showed that nurses have sufficient knowledge in the field of preoperative and postoperative care. They can independently determine what preoperative preparation is needed, which samples are important before surgery, what premedication is appropriate and how long before the procedure the child should be fasted, which is very important for new-borns. In postoperative care, their knowledge is above standard. They can evaluate complications after operations and, if necessary, are able to intervene independently. They are familiar with the area of sampling and examinations, which must be done immediately upon arrival from the hospital ward, and can evaluate how to load the digestive tract after surgery. A lot of knowledge also comes from communication with parents, where the sisters see great pitfalls that could be addressed in the form of seminars on communication. From the evaluation of the results of the quantitative survey, it was found that the parents of the children are sufficiently educated in the field of nursing care and are satisfied with the nursing care. Based on the results, it can be stated that in comparison with the theoretical knowledge, the nurses have essentially the same knowledge. Preoperative and postoperative care for children with heart defects is very demanding and burdensome not only for the child but also for nurses, and therefore it is very welcome that the parents of the children were satisfied with the education and nursing care.
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Nursing care for paediatric patient after orthopaedical surgeries
WEISSOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Current situation Current range of orthopaedics is not only surgery of musculoskeletal system, but it also deals with diagnostics of congenital defects, injuries, illnesses, metabolism disorders and their after-effects on musculoskeletal system. A paediatric nurse plays a key role in taking care of a paediatric patient after an orthopaedical surgery. She helps children to overcome an unpleasant situation and tries to minimize physical and psychological complications. Cooperation with child's family is essential. Child's pain, suffering and fear can be moderated by proper nursing care. Aim of the work We determined three aims in this diploma thesis. The first aim was to map children awareness before orthopaedical surgeries and during hospitalization. The second aim was to analyse satisfaction of parents during hospitalization. The third aim was to assess the importance of psychological pre-surgery preparation of children and hospitalization of parents in overall perception of child's hospitalization. Methodology A quantitative research by means of a paper and electronical survey was used for the empirical part. The research group was made up of 104 respondents, it means 52 parents and 52 children. Those were parents and children from two selected hospitals and from general public. The surveys were processed statistically afterwards. A descriptive analysis of all the questions was used and four determined hypotheses were tested. Results It was found out that most of the children felt sufficiently informed before and during the hospitalization. It could be claimed that better awareness of a nurse means better feeling of child's sufficient awareness. Furthermore, we found out from the results that most of the parents were sufficiently informed by the nurse and that their overall satisfaction depends on children awareness provided by the nurse. Based on results, nurse education in the area of children care and manipulation with children during hospitalization is very important and leads to satisfaction of both children and parents. Based on other results, a child's hospitalization with a parent is very important because 97% of children said that they were calmer because of the presence of a parent. We can claim this about parents as well, because the presence of a parent is perceived by parents themselves as a very important factor improving the perception of a stay at a hospital. Hospitalization of a parent with a child depends on the age of the child, in which case a child at the age of 5 and less was always hospitalized with a parent. Moreover, it was found that compared to the presence of a parent, parents claim the psychological preparation (talking in form of play or with the help of a therapist) has slightly more important point. That was confirmed by the children as well. We can obviously see from the response that they stand the hospitalization better if they are prepared for the surgery. Conclusion The research has shown that most of the children felt informed enough during the hospitalization and before the surgery. I find the psychological preparation of children for a surgery very important. That was also confirmed both by the children and parents, who consider the psychological preparation to be one of the most important factors. The hospitalization of a parent with a child depends on the age of the children. We trust that this work could serve as a study material for paediatric nurses working at corresponding postoperative departments, besides other things as a study material for students of medical subjects. This diploma thesis can describe given illness or the care of a child after an orthopaedic surgery to both parents and children.
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Postoperative care for patients with leg amputation caused by diabetes
Cardová, Lada ; Šolc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Půlpán, Rudolf (referee)
Title: Postoperative care for patients with leg amputation caused by diabetes. Objectives: The main aim of this work is to describe the matters of postoperative care for patients after leg amputation caused by diabetes and give possibilities of solutions from the aspects of prosthetics and physiotherapy. Methods: This work contains mainly references and documentary research. I used the method of data collecting mainly from medical resources such as scientific literature, magazines and other publications on the topic of postoperative care for patients with leg amputations. Results: The purpose of this work is the literature research that can be used as a source of information in the field of amputation surgery and postoperative care not only for diabetic patients. The text provides information for health professionals and also for the non-professional public. Keywords: leg amputation, amputation, diabetes mellitus, postoperative care, prosthetics, physical therapy, nordic walking
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Post operative care of diabetes patients after lower limb amputation
Kadlec, Petr ; Šolc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Půlpán, Rudolf (referee)
Title: Post operative care of diabetes patients after lower limb amputation Objectives: This bachelor thesis focuses on post-operative care of diabetes patients with lower limb amputation and its physiotherapeutic and prosthetic aspects. Methods: The methods used are those of information research. The data were obtained through a qualitative method of data collecting as well as a secondary analysis of information coming from academic articles, journals and other publications. Results: The thesis is based on information research and information gathered is presented in a complex and coherent form. In medicine, the thesis can be used by experts as a source of information in post-operative care of patients suffering from diabetes as well some other health problems. A plus is that information presented is comprehensible to the general public. Keywords: amputation, lower limb amputation, diabetes mellitus, rehabilitation, post operative care, prosthetic devices, prosthetics, lower limb prosthetics
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Nurse's role in patient education after chest operations
Matysová, Marcela ; Chloubová, Helena (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
My bachelor's dissertation concerns the nurse's role in patient education after chest operations. The theoretical section explains not only the concept of patient education, its use and realisation in Public Healthcare, but also the forms and methods of education. Included is a summary of the most common chest operations, their short clarification and possible post - operative complications. I will also briefly describe the nurse's tasks before and after the operation. The practical section involves structured interviews with patients after chest operations. The aim of the interviews was to find out what information patients were lacking and how well they remembered important details given to them by a nurse. The interviews also contain satisfactory reviews on the nurse's role in patient education after chest operations. The aim of my study was to find out if the nurse's role in patient education was productive. Based on the results, my intention was to suggest better practices both for improving patient education and also to perfect the nurse's role in post - operative care. A superior, comprehensive and individual approach is the key to faster and more complete patient recovery and his/ hers return home. Key words: education, post-operative care, post-operative complications, patient satisfaction.
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