|
|
The options to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning
PROKOP, Karel
I chose the topic of Carbon Monoxide poisoning because of the people that perish from said poisoning every year in Czech Republic. This number cannot be neglected and requires attention. Carbon monoxide is created by imperfect combustions, most likely in interior areas, for example natural gases used for warming houses and for devices using gases (ovens, stoves). The most dangerous attribute of CO is lack of smell and colour, making it impossible to detect without countermeasures. The goal of this Bachelor thesis is to attempt to find methods of lowering the risk of the negative effects it has on living organisms, and also to familiarize the wider audience with the effects and prevention of poisoning. And in the case of being already poisoned, how to best recognize and handle the situation. This application part is factually backed up by the data gained from the surveys about the public knowledge about CO poisoning and symptoms, from the analysis of statistics of negative effects of CO and also by the data obtained from several emergency medical services. It has been shown that the public's general knowledge about effects and treatment of CO poisoning is for the most part insufficient, despite the declining number of deaths due to the toxic effects of carbon monoxide it still remains a major issue to present day and should recieve proper attention. The benefit of this bachelor thesis is introducing the public to the issue of CO poisoning. This bachelor's thesis can also be used as additional study material for the field of health and social care. Facts mentioned in my work may also beneficial for members of fire departments, Police of Czech Republic, rescue team personnel or any other parties having an interest in this topic.
|
|
|
Poison by the carbon monoxide in Sounth Bohemia, patients triage
JIRSOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor's thesis on the topic of CO Intoxication in the South Bohemian Region and Triage of Patients is divided into two parts. A theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part is focused on the creation of carbon monoxide (hereinafter referred to as CO), its effect on the body, care for intoxicated people, triage of these people and options for prevention of this type of intoxication. Objective 1 was determined for the research part: Map awareness among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region regarding carbon monoxide poisoning and awareness regarding possibilities for prevention of this type of poisoning. Two research questions were determined on the basis of this objective. Research question 1 is: What is the level of awareness among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region regarding CO poisoning? Research question 2 is: Are the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region aware of the possibilities for prevention of CO poisoning? Research was further extended to include question 3, which is: Do workers of the emergency services in the South Bohemian Region know what the procedure is for treatment of a patient suspected of having suffered CO poisoning? A qualitative research method was used to gain the required data, this being in the form of semi-structured interviews with 16 inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region, divided into 4 groups according to their level of education. The data gained was divided into 12 parts. Summary of the research pointed to a lack of awareness among the inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region regarding CO intoxication. In view of the fact that this is the most frequent type of accidental intoxication, I regard it as important that the population's awareness of this issue be raised. On the basis of this, I designed an information leaflet which could be disseminated, for example via social networks. Another group investigated concerned procedure followed when treating a patient suspected of having suffered CO poisoning. This related to only four participants - paramedics who work for the Emergency Medical Services of the South Bohemian Region. Research pointed to them having sufficient knowledge of therapy for this type of intoxication and triage of those affected.
|
|
|
Induction of heme oxygenase and biological role of its metabolic products.
Šuk, Jakub ; Muchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Jirsa, Milan (referee) ; Neužil, Jiří (referee)
Heme oxygenase (HMOX) catalyzes first and rate-limiting step in heme degradation. By its action, carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron and biliverdin which is subsequently reduced to bilirubin are produced. Before discovery of HMOX reaction mechanism, CO was considered only a toxic waste product without any significant importance for human organism. Bilirubin, marker of liver dysfunction, has been also exposed to similar perception. But results from past decades show that HMOX and its metabolic products play an important role in number of physiological as well as defense against pathophysiological processes. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the role of HMOX and its metabolic products, presumably CO and bilirubin, in vivo and in vitro. We focused on the role of CO in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced cholestasis. We were first to describe tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of inhaled CO in this animal model and found out that CO inhalation is associated with anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. In a rat model of ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis, we demonstrated the anticholestatic effect of HMOX. The induction of HMOX by its substrate heme increased the expression of liver transporters thereby increasing bile flow and simultaneously facilitated effective clearance of...
|
|
|
Utilization of carbon dioxide in power engineering
Svoboda, Kryštof ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of carbon dioxide as a source of energy in the form of carbonaceous fuels. The first part describes the possibilities of carbon dioxide capture and its subsequent storage. The second part is dedicated to the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonaceous fuels. In the third and final part of the thesis, these fuels are then evaluated for their utilization and compared with commonly used fuels.
|
|
|
Care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide
FORMANKA, Matěj
The topic of this thesis is the care of the patients intoxicated with carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide ranks first among random poisonings in Europe. Therefore it is a significant socio-economic problem. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the physical features of carbon monoxide and the ways it reaches the human body. It also describes the anatomy of the respiratory tract, breathing physiology and pathophysiological processes in the human body that are caused by carbon monoxide. The thesis describes possible sources of carbon monoxide, clinical symptoms of poisoning, diagnosis and treatment methods. In the practical part, the research is conducted using a qualitative method - interviews. The practical part has two goals. The first goal is to map the level of paramedics' knowledge of carbon monoxide intoxication. The second goal is to find out if paramedics are able to provide patients poisoned by carbon monoxide with adequate care and also to find out what care is given to them. The research sample consists of two groups of respondents. The first group is paramedics working in pre-hospital emergency care and the other are nurses working in the intensive care unit. Research has shown that respondents have good knowledge of carbon monoxide poisoning. The greatest drawbacks were found in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of carbon monoxide poisoning. The most of the problems were related to these drawbacks. In a field of care have been discovered some facts, that could cause problems. For example, the fact that there is only one hyperbaric medicine center in the whole Moravia region or the lack of CO-oximeters in the paramedics' equipment.
|
|
|
Care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide
FORMANKA, Matěj
Theme of this bachleor thesis is care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide occupies the fist place among accidental poisoning in Europe. This means, it is a big social-economic problem. Theoretical part describes physical attributes od carbon monoxide a his ways, by which it enters the human body. Further it describes the anatomy of airways, physiology of breathing and pathophysiological proces, which carbon monoxide causes in human body. There are described posibble sources of carbon monoxide, clinical symptoms, diagnostics and a way of threatment. In practical part, the research is processed by qualitative method using dialog. The practical part had two objects. The first object was to chart a level of knowlege of health professionals about carbon monoxide poisonning. The second object was to find out, if health professionals are able to provide an adequate care to pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide and to find out what kind of care is provided to pacients. The research sample was formed by two groups of respondents. The first group were paramedics, who work in pre-hospital emergency care. The second group were nurses, who work on a intensive care unit in a hospital. The research showed that the respondents have quite good knowlege about carbon monoxide poisoning. The biggest deficiency was discovered in knowlege of phatophysiology of carbon monoxide poisonynig. Most ignorace was related to this problem. In knowlege and provision of care were found some facts, which can cause problems. For example the fact, that there is ony one hyperbaric oxygen therapy centre in a whole Moravia, or missing pulse co-oxymeters in paramedics quipment.
|
|
|
Emissions from biomass combustion
Ptáček, Pavel ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with production of gaseous emissions from biomass combustion. It describes how emissions arise and how they affect human health and environment. In experimental part of the thesis emissions were measured and compared for different types of fuel in two combustion devices. Emission classes of combustion devices were also determined.
|
|
|
Formation of organics molecules initiated by high-power density energy events in planetary atmospheres
Kamas, Michal ; Civiš, Svatopluk (advisor) ; Zelinger, Zdeněk (referee)
The focused laser beam delivered by the high-power laser system PALS was used for laboratory simulation of high-energy-density events in a planetary atmosphere. Several model gas mixtures were prepared to mimic the mildly reducing early Earth's atmosphere (CO-N2-H2O) as well as the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan and the strongly reducing early Earth's atmosphere (CH4-N2-H2O). In situ investigation of transient species generated by the laser-induced dielectric breakdown in the gaseous mixtures was performed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Final products of laser-plasma initiated chemical reactions were identified and determined by advanced mass-spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and absorption FT-IR spectroscopy. High-power laser system SOFIA was utilized to simulate in our laboratory a high-velocity impact into the icy satellites of the outer planets of the Solar system. OES was engaged in probing the plasmas produced by the SOFIA beam focused on ice surfaces (water, methanol, formamide), while final products were analyzed by means of gas chromatography (GC/MS) and mass-spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
|
|
|
Analysis of environment in CR regions
Serafínová, Petra ; Svatošová, Libuše (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
The environment is an important part of human life, which greatly affects the quality of human health and the entire population. On the quality of the environment is given ever greater emphasis, since there is an increase in the negative anthropogenic effects. To avoid these impacts or reduce their consequences should protect the environment. The important part is sustainable development in order to keep a full-fledged environment to future generations.
In this thesis I analyze the main pollution by pollutants in the years 2000-2013 from all stationary sources in the district of Karvina, and from mobile sources of the Moravian-Silesian Region. Based on the statistical data of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, I processed an analysis of time series methods, has chosen trendy model with a forecast of future progression. For the years 2014 - 2016, I calculated the prediction of emitted pollutants.
|
|
|
Expression of Heme oxygenase Isoforms during aging of porcine oocytes.
Poupalová, Michaela ; Sedmíková, Markéta (advisor) ; Lenka, Lenka (referee)
Quality and fertilization rate of oocytes matured in vitro conditions is essential for their use in biotechnology. Many morphological and functional changes occurs in oocytes during prolonged cultivation, which result in decreased fertilization rates and higher levels of apoptosis, polyspermy, parthenogenesis and chromosomal anomalies. These changes also have a negative effect on subsequent embryonic development. Understanding the mechanisms of oocyte aging could thus make a major contribution to the development of reproductive biotechnologies in livestock and human assisted reproduction.
The enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and ferrous ions. There are two isoforms of heme oxygenase, i.e. HO 1 and HO 2. HO 1 has cytoprotective properties and in the cells is expressed especially in response to stress factors. HO 2 is responsible for basal production of CO. CO belongs to gasotransmitters, which are endogenously produced signaling gaseous molecules. Meaning of HO/CO system was proven in reproductive system of both males and females. Its importance in oocytes is not known.
The aim of this thesis was to verify the hypothesis that the HO is expressed in porcine oocytes during their prolonged cultivation in vitro conditions and that the expression of both isoforms changes during aging. Oocytes were evaluated at the metaphase stage of the second meiotic division (MII) and three stages of aging according to the length of prolonged cultivation, i.e. 24, 48 and 72 hours. HO 1 and HO 2 were localized by immunocytochemistry method.
By evaluating the experiments it was confirmed that both HO isoforms are expressed during aging in all evaluated areas, i.e. in the perichromosomal area, cortical area and cytoplasm. HO 1 is located mainly in the perichromosomal area and during aging occurs statistically significant increase in signal intensity. In the cortical area and the cytoplasm was detected statistically significant difference only in oocytes aging 72 hours and the signal intensity is weaker in these areas.
In the case of HO 2 signal is evenly distributed throughout the oocyte and compared with the HO 1 the signal is significantly stronger. A statistically significant increase in signal intensity occurred between oocytes at the MII stage and the group of oocytes aging 24 hours. An expression of HO 2 compared with matured oocytes significantly increases during prolonged cultivation.
A scientific hypothesis was confirmed in the case of both HO isoforms, i.e. HO 1 and HO 2 were localized in aging porcine oocytes and at the same time there is a change in expression during prolonged cultivation. From the results of experiments it can be assumed that products of enzymatic activity of HO-1 and HO-2, including CO are also present in oocytes, and therefore HO/CO system is probably related to the oocyte aging. The assumption is that HO 1 acts as a cytoprotective factor, which could have a possitive effect on oocyte quality. HO 2 is responsible for basal production of CO, but it may also play a role in the regulation of oxidative stress in oocytes.
The data obtained should be investigated further with more experiments focused on localization and redistribution of both isoforms during oocyte aging. The subject of further research should also be a mechanism of action and specific function of HO 1 and HO 2 in oocytes.
|
guest ::
