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Nutrition and Diabetic Foot Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Špačková, Petra ; Prázný, Martin (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee)
13 ABSTRACT This bachelor's thesis deals with nutrition in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot syndrome. In the practical part, this group is compared with a control group of diabetic patients without this chronic complication. Goals: The aim of this study is to find out, whether the diet of patients with diabetic foot syndrome differs from that of patients with diabetes without this syndrome. Methodology: This is a non-interventional study in the form of a questionnaire and a weekly food diary. The respondents were addressed by me directly in the ambulance. The minimum number of respondents in each group should be 10 patients, which was achieved. The research took place from December 2023 to mid-March 2024. The research group consisted of a total of 20 individuals: specifically, 10 diabetic patients without diabetic foot syndrome and 10 diabetic patients with diabetic foot syndrome. The obtained food diaries were entered into Nutriservis, evaluated with regard to the recommendations of the Czech Diabetes Association and with regard to the comorbidities and preferences of the given patient. The obtained data were processed and presented in the form of tables, graphs and verbal description. Results: However, since we are comparing these two groups according to the recommendations of the Czech...
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Physiological prerequisites for breastfeeding preterm neonates
Dvořáková, Martina ; Zlatohlávková, Blanka (advisor) ; Burianová, Iva (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the physiological prerequisites of breastfeeding in premature newborns. Breastfeeding premature infants presents significant challenges due to physiological, neurological, and developmental limitations that affect their ability to suck, swallow and breathe effectively. My main aim was to determine when infants admitted to the intensive care unit and intermediate care unit reach breastfeeding milestones. Important milestones observed include first nonnutritive sucking, first nutritive sucking and archieving full oral intake. I also investigated the type of nutrition with which infants are discharged from hospital. My thesis was divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part I discuss the importance of breast milk and breastfeeding for premature infants, the development of sucking, the development of swallowing, and the development of breathing. I also address the coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing. I also address the transition from tube feeding to oral nutrition. I described the work of a lactation consultant. In the practical part I have processed data of 26 hospitalized preterm infants. These infants archieved on average the first nonnutritive suck at 31+4 GA (range of values 30+0 to 33+5). The infants managed the first...
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The need for enteral nutrition in patients after a stroke
Špalková, Šárka ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Klempíř, Jiří (referee)
Introduction: The diploma thesis focuses on the issue of nutritional support for patients after a stroke. Aims: In the theoretical part, the characteristics of ischemic stroke (iCMP) and hemorrhagic stroke (hCMP) were described. Subsequently, risk factors and prevention of stroke were described. The last part of the theory dealt with nutrition and procedures for introducing different types of diets and enteral nutrition in patients after a stroke. The aim of the practical part was to monitor the procedure during the nutrition consultation in patients who have recently experienced one of the events (iCMP or hCMP). Methods: Data for the thesis were obtained at the Neurological Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and VFN in Prague from February to April 2023. Various nutritional support was retrospectively monitored in patients who experienced an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic stroke. The duration of hospitalization, height, weight, BMI, age and associated diseases were also determined for the patients. Data processing and statistical evaluation was done in Microsoft Excel. Results: The study compared different types of nutritional support in 51 patients who were hospitalized in one intensive care unit and three standard wards. Most patients (49%) were only prescribed a...
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Eating habits of quitting smokers with increasing weight: analysis and sample diets (selected case studies)
Klásková, Nikola ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on analysing the dietary habits of former smokers who have gained weight and subsequently creating sample meal plans based on selected case studies. The theoretical part summarizes current knowledge on smoking-related issues, such as smoking epidemiology, tobacco addiction, and the impact of smoking on health. It examines the influence of smoking on dietary habits, including its effects on micronutrients. The thesis discusses smoking cessation options and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and body weight, presenting strategies for maintaining body weight after quitting smoking. In the practical part, the meal plans and overall lifestyle of four former smokers are evaluated. The aim of the thesis is to understand the relationship between changes in eating habits and weight gain in former smokers and to offer practical recommendations for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Keywords Smoking, nutrition, eating habits, nicotine addiction, weight gain, smoking cessation.
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The Influence of Social Networks on Parents in Relation to Infant and Toddler Nutrition
Hromadová, Lenka ; Weidenthalerová, Edita (advisor) ; Honzejková, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the influence of social networks on parental decision-making regarding infant and toddler feeding. Early nutrition is critical to child development and influences future health. Parenting is a decision-filled challenge, especially with such a vast amount of information from various sources, including social media, which can cause confusion and uncertainty about the best childcare. The aim of this paper is to assess how much parents trust information from influencers compared to expert recommendations, and how social media influences their preferences regarding their children's nutrition. The theoretical section covers the basics of nutrition in the first three years of life, including breastfeeding, infant formula, and transition to solid foods. The practical part explores how parents use social networks as a source of information about infant and toddler nutrition and how this information influences their decision-making. This section also analyses trends and myths on social media. The results show that parents strongly trust pediatricians and consider them a reliable source of information on child nutrition, in contrast to low trust in advice and recommendations from influencers. This result suggests that parents tend to rely on verified experts. Providing accurate and...
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Nutrition in endometriosis
Zagrebelná, Valerie ; Hudeková, Lucia (advisor) ; Hlinecká, Kristýna (referee)
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological estrogen-dependent disease affecting women of reproductive age. The disease is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations, especially in the small pelvis, on the ovaries, peritoneum, rectovaginal septum and bowel. However, any organ except the heart and spleen can be affected by endometriosis. The presence of the endometrium outside the uterus gives rise to inflammatory deposits - endometriomas. These deposits, like the endometrium in the uterus, undergo changes during menstruation. However, unlike the endometrium in the uterus, this endometrium in ectopic sites has no way to leave the body, resulting in aseptic inflammation, scar formation, adhesions and subsequent painful adhesions. Typical symptoms of endometriosis include dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia and dysuria. The main clinical symptoms are chronic pelvic pain and infertility. However, endometriosis can also occur asymptomatically. Endometriosis can be divided into four subtypes according to the localization - peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis. The aim of this study was to find out whether there is any food or food group that relieves or worsens the difficulties associated with endometriosis...
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Dietary measures in irritable bowel syndrome
Leschinger, Alena ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on dietary measures for irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of the work was to find out the eating habits of patients with this disease and to evaluate whether they follow the dietary measures recommended for this disease, to find out what the nature of the difficulties are and when the symptoms appear, and whether the patients are sufficiently educated about dietary measures. This work is based on the hypothesis that patients do not eat according to the dietary measures that are recommended for this disease, and therefore the symptoms occur more often. The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey. Patients were asked about the most common manifestations of this disease, the frequency of symptoms, their eating habits, experiences with diets, and also about the level of awareness regarding dietary measures. A total of 32 questionnaires were evaluated. The results of the research show that the majority of patients do not eat according to dietary measures. The consequence is their low awareness of dietary procedures. For most patients, symptoms occur every day or several times a week. Although patients have purposefully reduced certain foods known to cause symptoms, the frequency of symptoms is still high. Key words: irritable bowel syndrome, microbiome, dietary...
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Pseudocereals and their importance in nutrition
Červinková, Nela ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrušková, Marie (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the characteristics of the three most important pseudocereals, specifically buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth. It pays particular attention to their general features, origin and history of planting, utilization and especially their nutritional value and their effect on human health. They are also discussed in terms of their importance in a gluten-free diet. Due to their rich nutritional value and their natural gluten-free origin, pseudocereals are recognized as a highly valuable nutrient with great potential. Like cereals, they are a source of starch, fibre and vegetable protein, although their content and quality are higher than the majority of cereals. In addition, they are a source of vitamins, minerals and other bioactive substances. As with other plant foods, they also contain antinutritional substances which may negatively impact the availability of certain nutrients. Consumption of pseudocereals and their products may be beneficial, particularly for persons on a gluten-free, vegetarian or vegan diet. The practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts. The first one is research, which investigated the respondents' awareness of pseudocereals, the frequency of their consumption and the reasons that determine their consumption. The second part involves a...
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Proper handling of infant nutrition in hospital facilities
Čadová, Nikol ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with issues related to the manipulation of infant nutrition in healthcare facilities. The theoretical part of this work deals with breast milk, infant formula and its specifics, administration of infant diet, as well as manipulation of infant nutrition in pediatric wards and in the dairy kitchen. The aim of the empirical part of this work was to verify the knowledge of nurses through a research survey and to identify possible differences in the manipulation of infant nutrition in different workplaces. A quantitative research method was chosen to obtain data using a self- constructed questionnaire containing 26 questions. Out of the original 130 distributed questionnaires, a total of 74 were analysed, with 3 excluded due to incompleteness, resulting in a response rate of 59.2%. The results of the research survey showed that the knowledge and practices of nurses in manipulating infant nutrition are not uniform. The most significant statistically significant difference in respondents' answers was related to the workplace where they are employed. No statistically significant difference was found in respondents' answers in relation to their education. In conclusion, it is necessary to mention that the research survey revealed some shortcomings in respondents' knowledge and...
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