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Využití kultivačních metod v diagnostice zánětů mléčné žlázy ve vybraném chovu dojnic
ULMOVÁ, Kateřina
The goal of my thesis was to evaluate origin of mastisis diseases and specify the best way to cure this disease with antibiotics. Secondary goal was to examin origin of things that cause these diseases, efficiency of the cure and how it is influenced by the stage of the illness. This research was made in cowshed, fron april to december 2018 with 136 specimen. During this period I took samples of milk, that had more than 800 000 somatic cells in 1ml of milk. Based of possitve NK test, samples of mammary gland were taken and cultivated on one used only Petri dish. Depending of the origin of the infection, the proper atibitics were chosen for the cure. After 7 to 14 days after antibiotics treatment, milk sample was taken from the cured part od mammary gland and It was tested to see, if the treatment was successful. 77% of the specimen were sick because of microorganisms and most of the specimen were afflicted the most during 1st lactation (36.8% to 47.1%). Following microorganisms caused mastisis - Staphylococcus spp. (KNS), Streptococcus uberis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Candida rugosa a Enterococcus faecalis. 36% of mastisis was caused by Staphylococcus spp. (KNS), followed by coliform bacteria (22%). 17% of mastisis was caused by Streptococcus uberis. 10.5% of specimen was infected by Enterococcus faecalis. Candida rugosa was found in 7.4% of the samples and in 9.5% of samples the diseasehad no specific microorganism responsible. From 105 infected cows, 68% of them fully recovered. At the end, based on the stage of the mastisis, efectivness of the treatmend was statistically evaluated. The evaluation showed, that stage of infection massively influence the result of the treatment.
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Faktory ovlivňující výskyt mastitid ve vybraném chovu a návrh jejich řešení
TLUSTÁ, Tereza
A mastitis is an inflammatory illness of a milk gland, currently the mastitis is one of the most common health problems in cattle breeding. In most cases the mastitis is caused by bacterial infections of an udder, it can be also caused by viruses, protozoa, yeast, algae and molds. There are huge variety of factors reducing defensive immune mechanisms of the udder and predispose a cow for the inflammation. An etiology of mastitis and mainly ways of prevention are very interesting not only for dairy cows breeders, but also for researchers, scientists and veterinarians. Main reason is economy of dairy cattle the inflammation of milk gland reduces actual milk production, it can influenced milk yield in next lactations and lenght of productive life of the dairy cow too. Usually culling rate and death rate grow. The mastitis has negative effect on reproduction and health status of the cow, especially on hooves' health; that also leads to shortening of cow's productive life and necessity of faster replacement of affected cows by heifers. An aim of this work is to found out risk factors which enlarges chance of the mastitis. Rate of mastitis is influenced by an age of a cow and a number of lactation, a number of days in lactation, an age of a cow at the 1st calving, an yield of the previous lactation, cases of mastitis at the 1st and next lactations and health problems on start of a lactation. A number of treated teats is influenced by an age of a cow at the 1st calving, an yield of the previous lactation and days of the dry-period. Negative effect of mastitis on the reproduction wasn't completely demonstrated; there were only found out that higher number of treating cases extends time between calvings.
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Studium vlivu markeru CGIL4 na obsah somatických buněk v mléce
MOJŽÍŠKOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of individual genotypes in the CGIL4 locus in a given cattle population. The analysis was carried out in breeds of Holstein and Czech Pied Cattle. The relationship between the genotype in the given locus and the number of somatic cells in the milk was verified. An increased number of somatic cells is the main indicator of mastitis. The diploma thesis described the factors that provoked their origin. In the practical part, milk samples were taken in a selected cow population of both breeds. The DNA was isolated from the milk and samples for the CGIL4 locus were genotyped. Genetic and allelic frequencies were counted from genotyping results. Finally, the potential relationship between genotype in a given locus and the number of somatic cells in milk was evaluated statistically.
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Sledování morfologické stavby vemen u plemene zwartbles
MACHO, Michal
This thesis deals with the monitoring of morphological structures udder of breed zwartbles. Measurements were performed at 77 selected ewes Measured values for individual dimensions: Depth of udder reaches an average size of 17.74 cm. Width of udder reaches an average size of 14.77 cm and average length of the teat has a value of 3.11 cm. Based on measured values it shows, that breed zwartbles has potential for milk production as is the case in sheep improved Wallachian and Lacaune The position of the teats has an average value of 2.22 points. The teats are directed slightly to the side and are located at the lower edges of the udder. Clamping of the udder has an average value 2.08 points. The Clamping is broad and overall space between the rear legs is almost the entire filled Split udder has an average value of 2.53 points. The splitting is weak, but distinct and hanging ligament is perceptible. Monitoring diseases and disorders of the udder in the years 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. In year 2013, was the incidence of disorders on the value of 6.72%. In year 2014, this number had a value of 10.34%. In year 2015, equal to 5% and in year 2016 5.7%. This was the shortage of milk, the teat ducts impassibility and infections
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Evaluation of the level comliance with the zoohygiene and selected indicators of welfare in agricultural operations
ŠVEC, Radim
This thesis focused on monitoring and analysing selected parameters of assessing the level of zoohygiene, comfort and welfare of breeding dairy cows housed in four monitored stable obejct. Survey, evaluation and registracion of data related to the following indicators; health status of hooves, the incidence of mastititis and reproductive performance, were performed. A reference group, wich was appropriately prepared by a local zootechnician, who knows the farm enviroment, was set to find the meeded data and they were then monitored with the help of evidence of zootechnical and veterinary records. The research has confirmed that problems with hooves and consequent lameness occours when several factors are not kept. Conversely, compliance and respecting the needs of diary cown bring very positive results. The claim that there is an increased incidence of mastitis in the grate, litter housing has been disproved.
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Evaluation of mastitis in selected dairy fading
LIŠKA, Zdeněk
Bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of diseases of dairy cattle called mastitis. This is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, which is among the most common and economically the most serious disease of cattle. This disease negatively affects a whole range of factors. One of the easily observable indicators of health status of the mammary gland is the number of somatic cells in milk.
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Genetic health disorders of cattle
NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra
The main aim is to summarize and describe the possibilities of improving genetic resistance of cattle against mastitis with the assistance of genetic selection. Effort to reveal all genetic mastitis parameters is difficult and long term researches of genes associated with mastitis are just in the beginning. The first part is devoted to a description of mastitis, which is one of the major health problems in the breed of dairy cattle and has many of negative impacts. Next are listed selected genes that scientists have so far managed to connect with the disease.
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Mastitis monitoring and factors influencing mammary gland health
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kamila
The thesis explores an issue of mastitis in dairy cows, and factors that influence the health of a mammary gland. In span of 2012-2013, 629 quarter samples of milk were collected, the somatic cells count (SCC) was determined and the results related to the condition of teats base, and also to an order and phase of lactation. The results were compared to the pool samples collected in 2008-2013 (SCC, TBC) and the number and development of clinical mastitis was followed (2012-2013). The condition of teats base was estimated as an important factor contributing to the health of a mammary gland. The lowest SCC was identified in the first phase of lactation, and, contrary to that, the highest SCC was identified in the third phase of lactation (active involution). The order of lactation proved to be an important factor influencing SCC in milk. Dairy cows staying in pasture were shown to have less SCC in milk; it can therefore be concluded that grazing has a positive impact on SCC in milk. In the examined period, very low number of clinical mastitis was determined
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