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Fyzikální vlastnosti povrchových horizontů půd vybraných lokalit
Psotová, Petra
This bachelor´s thesis focuses on the evaluation of some physical properties of surface horizons of soil under the Giant Mountains. They come from three villages. In every village I took four samples of arable land and four samples of permanent grassland. An average of these results was created for each village. Soil samples were collected into core sample holders. In a review of the literature there are described the physical properties of soil, the procedure for processing results and the characterization of selected locations from the climatic, pedological, geological, hydrological and agroecological point of view. The resulting average values are, to a porosity 41,8 %, density 1,54 g.cm-3, specific gravity 2,6 g.cm-3, the minimum air capacity 6,7 % and a maximum capillary water capacity 35,1 %. According to the classification of grain on these locations are found mainly middle heavy soil, loam and sandy loam.
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Impact of uncoventional technologies of soil cultivation on soil quality
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Agricultural land is being handled by various tillage of soil which affects properties of soil. There are two types of tillage treatment. These are conventional (classic) tillage with plowing and minimization tillage (plowing is excluded). The aim of this particular work is to assess the quality of the soil near the village of Bohaté Málkovice, which is being (long-term) handled by minimization tillage. As indicators of soil quality, we used selected physical and physico-chemical characteristics, which are determined from analysis of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from the top soil layer (0-10 cm) by standard methods in laboratory conditions. The theoretical part describes the basic physical properties of the soil and the ways of their determination. The practical part is devoted to the presentation of the examined locality and the results of selected physical and physico-chemical properties of the soil are presented and subsequently evaluated. In the conclusion, the impact of used tillage in Bohaté Málkovice on the selected soil properties is assessed.
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Assessment of soil quality processed with conventional tillage in the selected site in the Olomouc region
Drlíková, Barbora ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Diploma thesis documents the problems of soil quality, which is assessed on the basis of physical, chemical or biological indicators of soil quality. The paper describes the various indicators, its methodology and evaluation. In the practical part evaluates the quality of soil cultivated with the traditional way - using plowing. The experimental area, where the samples were taken from the soil, lies in the Olomouc region in the municipality Šumvald. Evaluated were selected physical, chemical and physico-chemical properties of soil, e.g. particle size distribution, bulk density, porosity, air capacity, hydrolimits, pH, carbonates, humus content and salinity of the soil.
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Causes, impacts and solutions erosion in the region
Nocarová, Martina ; Janků, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Target of this thesis is to assess erosion risks in the region Podkrkonoší. The region Podkrkonoší, especially district Trutnov, is exposed to serious problems of erosion. Significant erosion affected areas in district Trutnov are cadastral areas Kocbeře, Dubenec and Rtyně v Podkrkonoší. Erosion processes are appearing repeatedly on same locations, which cause to massive entrainment of quality topsoil.
Thesis is focused on cadastral area Rtyně v Podkrkonoší. This area is the most affected by erosion processes. This thesis describes specific locations repeatedly affected by erosion processes. The most affected areas are: Žabárna, U Trhovky, U Horní zastávky, Pod Bohdašínem, K Bohdašínu, Nad Pekárnou and K Vodojemu. The thesis is monitoring, which types of plants are grown in these areas and in what months erosion processes occur the most often, which kind of anti-erosion precautions are used and how are these precautions effective. The thesis tries to find out, if the erosion processes are repeating due growing of plants in the wide lines (65 cm). The work researches specific land blocks according to their endangerment. Each land block is classified to a category of endangerment according DZES 5 (severely threatened by erosion, slight threatened by erosion and land block which are not threatened by erosion), according to the maximum permissible value of cover-management factor (Cp - severely threateden, threatened, slight threatened and not threatened). Calculation of average soil loss by using methods USLE (equation of Wischmeier and Smith) was used for all of land blocks, which were affected by erosion processes. The result is that in all cases the permissible soil loss (4 t.ha-1.rok-1) was exceeded.
In this thesis, anti-erosion precautions were proposed, for example, for locality Žabárna, due to high frequency of erosion processes and therefore high financial losses for land owners, municipality and local residents.
Target of this thesis is to ascertain, if the legislative protection of soil in The Czech Republic is adequate.
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An influence of farming system on soil water distribution
Voda, Filip ; Jakšík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nikodem, Antonín (referee)
Farming the soil can significantly influence quality of surface and ground water because it is carried out both on the soil and in the whole landscape, where the water within its hydrological cycle comes from. Water distribution in the soil can be significantly influenced by character of the land. This work describes soil properties which affects water retention and distribution, for example porosity, texture, soil structure and bulk density. All these factors determine soil cultivation that depends on its actual humidity. There are farming practices described, too. These practices can significantly influence water contents in the soil, soil humidity and the influence of surface water on soil erosion. Factors which influence water distribution within soils are sorted into individual chapters. They are soil, cultivation and its depresion, water erosion, edaphone water regime of soil and the influence of vegetation to water regime of soil. In the end of this work, we conclude that reduced and soil-protective technologies have positive influence on water regime, macroedaphone biomass content (higher number of earthworms), surface runoff reduction and therefore minimize a risk of soil water erosion and unfavorable soil compaction in comparison to conventional technologies.
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Uplatnění fosforu a draslíku na výnos a kvalitu kukuřice seté
Maňásek, Josef
Over the past 20 years the approach to fertilisation of most of the crops on agricultural land has changed considerably. Complex nutrition has unfortunately gradually changed into one-sided nitrogen fertilisation; to a very limited extent also applying phosphorus and potassium. Other macro-nutrients are usually used for fertilisation only very sporadically and on a long-term basis only more deepening the deficit of nutrients in the soil and decreasing the soil reaction (pH).
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