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Legal regulation of trading in financial derivatives
Freibergová, Tereza ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Kotáb, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis is focused on the financial derivatives. The main goal of this paper is to analyse legal nature of financial derivatives and to present universal definition, general characteristics or utilization of financial derivatives. The other goal of this paper is to describe the development of supervision and regulation before and after The Global Financial Crisis. The thesis is composed of three main chapters. Chapter One is focused on a definition of the financial derivatives as well as the development of derivatives in the fields of history. Chapter Two is dedicated to brief description and explanation of important derivatives types such as forwards, futures, swaps, options and credit derivatives. Chapter Three of this thesis deals with the problems of supervision and regulation of financial derivatives based on American and European law. In response to the causes and effects of The Global Financial Crisis the regulation increased. There were introduced new regulatory legislations which require for example deep transparency of OTC derivatives or settlement of OTC trades through a central counterparty. Key words: financial derivatives, forwards, futures, swaps, options, regulation
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Exchange rate differences - accounting and financial perspective
PAVLOVCOVÁ, Ester
This bachelor thesis deals with exchange rate differences from an accounting and financial perspective. The aim of the thesis is to describe possible accounting methodologies related to exchange rate differences and their impact on economic indicators in the theoretical part. The information found is applied to the selected company. The theoretical part deals with the definition of exchange rate differences, how they arise, types, and accounting. According to legislation, companies are obliged to keep their accounting in the Czech currency. For conversion from foreign currency to Czech currency, companies can choose between the daily and fixed exchange rate. In the practical part, a selected company is introduced and then analyzed for the years 2019-2021. The thesis further deals with modeling the company's revenues and liabilities using the daily, fixed monthly, fixed quarterly, and fixed annual exchange rates. This is followed by an analysis of the appropriate use of individual types of exchange rates according to the settlement of receivables and liabilities in individual years. The fourth part deals with hedging against exchange rate risk through average currency forwards. Potential use of functional currency for accounting is then described. The final part of the thesis is devoted to creating an internal directive for the proper determination and accounting of exchange rate differences. It concludes with suggestions and recommendations to reduce exchange rate risk.
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Currency risk management through financial derivatives
JANDOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of this thesis is an analysis of currency risks arising from business activity and the use of financial derivatives in hedging against these risks. In the theoretical part, the basic terms are defined in order to understand this work. The concept of risk and its classifications are also described in this segment, as well as risk management methods. Information on individual financial derivatives and their breakdown is included too. Author informs about forwards, futures, swaps and options in this section as well. The last chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to the company's motivation to trade financial derivatives. In the practical part, theoretical knowledge from previous chapter is put to use. In the beginning of this section, author presents a company and applies a model example on it. First, the future development of CZK/EUR exchange rate is simulated according to the Monte Carlo method. Subsequently, the selected financial derivatives are valued and the effects that stem from hedging using these financial instruments are determined. At the end of the chapter, individual hedging strategies are compared according to established criteria. In the conclusion, individual strategies are evaluated and the recommendation of the most advantageous hedging strategy for the given company is given.
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Legal issues of transactions with securities and financial derivatives
Pospíšilová, Karolína ; Bakeš, Milan (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
1 Abstract Legal issues of transactions with securities and financial derivatives The aim of this thesis is to analyse valid legal regulations concerning securities and financial derivatives, to compare it with regulations valid before recodification of Czech private law as well as to describe operation of the financial market, where transactions with securities and financial derivatives take place, through analysis of capital market regulation and supervision. The thesis is composed of three main chapters. Chapter One is focused on a definition of the financial market and its structure and further examines the capital market as a part of the financial market. Primary attention is concentrated on capital market regulation and supervision from the perspective of international, European and national law. Conclusion of this chapter deals with the main organizer of the regulated market in the Czech Republic, i.e Prague Stock Exchange. Chapter Two concerns the definitions of securities and their classification according to their forms and types. Shares, as one of the most important type of securities, are covered in more detail. This chapter also outlines issuance of securities and describes main contracts concerning securities. This part also includes a dedicated section on investment instruments embracing both...
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Řízení devizové expozice a rizika podniku v souvislosti s ukončením devizových intervencí ČNB
Chlíbek, Adam
This bachelor thesis deals with problematics of managing foreign exchange risk during the period of the CNB's exchange rate commitment. The thesis includes recommendations and suggestions of solution for export enterprises. Specifically, the thesis recommends method of alternative scenarios for quantifying foreign exchange risk during the period of foreign exchange intervention of the CNB. The elimination of transaction exposure is recommended by hedging via short-term forward contracts, i.e. one months, two months, three months forward. The elimi-nation of pre-transaction exposure is advised by hedging with options contracts.
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The Effects of the Financial Crisis on the Regulation of Financial Markets with a Focus on Securitization
Kertész, Vladimír ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee)
The Effects of the Financial Crisis on the Regulation of Financial Markets with a Focus on Securitization Abstract The thesis investigates the influence of the financial crisis on financial markets regulation, with a focus on securitization. In its first part, it attempts to identify the causes of the financial crisis from years 2008 and 2009. It builds up the attention onto the regulatory tendencies of the 20th century from the Great Depression until the 2008 financial crisis. Then it focuses on the monetary policy of central banks, especially the FED in the USA and its influence on the mortgage market.The following part contains a brief description of the development of the US mortgage market and the start of mortgage loan securitization. The chapter of financial crisis also addresses the role of rating agencies in the securitization system and their impact on the creation of toxic assets. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to securitization, where it is analyzed its economic essence, legal definitions and process of securitization, which is further divided into traditional and synthetic securitization. In order to disucuss the synthetic securitization more in depth, one chapter is dedicated to credit derivatives. The securitization process is conluded with the release of ABS as a securitization...
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Pricing financial derivatives
Chudáček, Petr ; Hurt, Jan (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected methods of pricing of fi- nancial derivatives. It begins with introduction to financial derivatives, simple methods of pricing them and establishing terminology. It follows with summary of mathematical definitions and theorems necessary for deriving selected models for option pricing. In chapter dealing with diffusion models, there are introduced Black-Scholes Model, Binomial Model, and CEV model. The following chapters deal with Merton's Jump-Diffusion Model, i.e., a diffusion model enriched with jumps, and Variance-Gamma Model as the representative of (pure) jump models. This thesis is interspersed with numerical examples. 1
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Exchange rate risk management in international business
Řeháčková, Michaela ; Jedlinský, Jakub (advisor) ; Žamberský, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explain operations with financial derivatives in the context of risk management by giving the example of the specific Czech company. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the definition and initiation of the exchange rate risk and financial derivatives. In the practical part this theoretical knowledge is applied to the specific Czech company. Key factors affecting an exchange rate risk are identified along with recommendations to improve the company's risk management strategy.
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Legal regulation of trading in financial derivatives
Freibergová, Tereza ; Kohajda, Michael (advisor) ; Kotáb, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis is focused on the financial derivatives. The main goal of this paper is to analyse legal nature of financial derivatives and to present universal definition, general characteristics or utilization of financial derivatives. The other goal of this paper is to describe the development of supervision and regulation before and after The Global Financial Crisis. The thesis is composed of three main chapters. Chapter One is focused on a definition of the financial derivatives as well as the development of derivatives in the fields of history. Chapter Two is dedicated to brief description and explanation of important derivatives types such as forwards, futures, swaps, options and credit derivatives. Chapter Three of this thesis deals with the problems of supervision and regulation of financial derivatives based on American and European law. In response to the causes and effects of The Global Financial Crisis the regulation increased. There were introduced new regulatory legislations which require for example deep transparency of OTC derivatives or settlement of OTC trades through a central counterparty. Key words: financial derivatives, forwards, futures, swaps, options, regulation
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Legal issues of transactions with securities and financial derivatives
Pospíšilová, Karolína ; Bakeš, Milan (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
1 Abstract Legal issues of transactions with securities and financial derivatives The aim of this thesis is to analyse valid legal regulations concerning securities and financial derivatives, to compare it with regulations valid before recodification of Czech private law as well as to describe operation of the financial market, where transactions with securities and financial derivatives take place, through analysis of capital market regulation and supervision. The thesis is composed of three main chapters. Chapter One is focused on a definition of the financial market and its structure and further examines the capital market as a part of the financial market. Primary attention is concentrated on capital market regulation and supervision from the perspective of international, European and national law. Conclusion of this chapter deals with the main organizer of the regulated market in the Czech Republic, i.e Prague Stock Exchange. Chapter Two concerns the definitions of securities and their classification according to their forms and types. Shares, as one of the most important type of securities, are covered in more detail. This chapter also outlines issuance of securities and describes main contracts concerning securities. This part also includes a dedicated section on investment instruments embracing both...
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