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The role of imaging techniques in creation of computational models in biomechanics.
Prášilová, Eva ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
The first part of the bachelor´s thesis is dealt with the processing history of imaging techniques and their indications in a clinical practice. From point of view of the computer modeling, the computer tomography plays an important role in biomechanics. The second part of this treatment describes the scan processing of sections of two human mandible obtained from computer CT and micro-CT tomography. As a non-invasive way procedure can be characterized the image processing techniques, which analyze a bone density and BVF. The manual segmentation was applied in this analysis provided in ROI analysis software. There are shown the graphs of the bone densities of segments of two human mandibles depending on the specimen length and also there are compared the results of the measurements received from the CT and micro-CT tomography. Then follow the results illustrating the correlation of the relations and recalculations, which can be used as the determination tool of the mechanical properties of bone tissue. Finally there are described the computer models created in ANSYS focused on the different bone density analysis and stress strain analysis.
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High resolution computed tomography - its role and position in radiodiagnostics
CHYLÍKOVÁ, Renáta
In the introduction to my bachelor´s thesis, I have described the historical background of HRCT, its origins, and evolution. The historical part includes information about the development of CT equipment and the principles of diagnostics using the instruments that preceded HRCT. In the following part, I have described the principle of how HRCT works and the conditions that are needed for HRCT examination. I focused on lung examination and partly also on the examination of temporal bone. The objective of my thesis is to determine the frequency of CT and HRCT application, for the purposes of which I compared two leasing hospitals in the South Bohemian region. I issued from the hypothesis of a higher frequency of HRCT use. In my bachelor´s work I used foreign literature and sources and also the method of comparing data from two hospitals. The preferred method was the quantitative one, used for numerical statistics in the theoretical part; for the practical part I used the mentioned comparison of the number of examinations performed at two hospitals in South Bohemia. When confronting the two hospitals, a significantly higher frequency of HRCT use was found in Nemocnice Tábor a.s. This fact is explained by the use of Aquilion 16, which is a lower ? quality appliance, and Aquilion 64 in České Budějovice, as well as by the monitoring of patients with fibrosing processes (so ? called cordarone lung, etc.), and patients with unclear small lesions appearing on summing images when only HRCT examination was performed. HRCT is also performed as a part of routine examination of the lungs and mediastinum if the indication requires it, while check ? up examinations run only under the HRCT algorithm. In conclusion it can be stated that the difference between the examinations in hospital České Budějovice a.s. and Nemocnice Tábor a.s. is based on the difference between their equipment and also the slightly different approach to small lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma.The hypothesis that the HRCT examination is used more frequently than the common CT examination of the lungs and mediastinum was not confirmed, which results from the fact that the number od patients needing the examination of just small or larger changes in the pulmonary parenchyma is substantially lower than the number of patients with indicated classical examination of the lungs and mediastinum.
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Differentiations in the approach of a radiology assistent to examinations of seniors
HÁZOVÁ, Andrea
Peculiarities in the approach of radiological assistents to the examination of elderly patiens This bachelor thesis shows issues concerning the radiological worker in relation to older people. The title of the work is to specialize in radiology assistant access to seniors. I focused mainly on the need for diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients. These tests are for geriatric patients very important and beneficial in detecting and early identification accurate diagnosis. They are not demanding for the patient and burdensome. The theoretical part deals with a relatively detailed analysis of the life of the elderly in the Czech Republic, the behavior of geriatric patients and the development of his psyche. One chapter is devoted to the mystification of the dangers of digital imaging techniques and the use of contrast agents. Another part is devoted to radiation protection. It also happens that the employee is unwilling, unresponsive to patient and treats him accordingly. So I said examples of good and bad behaviour in hospitals. The old client needs special care which has become a problem for many people. The research part of the thesis has been compiling statistics on the use of diagnostic imaging in geriatric patients in private internal department. In the table are listed the initials of the patient: sex, age, primary diagnosis, type of diagnostic imaging, insurance, the cost of the method and the total price. The results obtained showed that a large proportion of the population uses the most conventional method of radiography, which is not challenging for patients. Traditional radiography, commonly known as the imaging is used in Central Europe from the 2nd half of 90th o f the 20 th century. Traditional radiography, commonly known as the imaging is used in Central Europe from the 2nd half of 90th o f the 20th century. This bachelor study demonstrated that awareness about patient safety, convenience and accessibility are very good.
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Development of algorithm of imaging methods in diagnostic of knee joint in years 2001 - 2006 in University Hospital Motol
REDLICH, Peter
Knee joint is the biggest and the most complex joint of moving system. Its exceptionality embodies in difficult anatomical structure and static-dynamic function. Elongated human life and increased moving and sport activities lead to higher risk of knee joint injury. In monitored period (2001 {--} 2006), imaging methods of knee joint examinations experienced immense development which would continue in near future. Native skiagraphic examinations remain an inseparable part of algorithm of imaging methods. Though, methods without the use of ionizing radiation: magnetic resonance and ultrasound gain ground. In monitored period, the number of examinations with magnetic resonance markedly increased and continuation of this trend can be expected. That is especially because this method is noninvasive and the diagnostic yield is considerable. In 2001 to 2006, there were carried out totally 35 691 knee examinations for 23 602 667 points at total rate 21 006 565 Kč. Total number of native skiagraphic examinations is almost the same. I noted forceful growth of magnetic resonance examination in 2003 {--} 2006.The numbers of other examinations are without expressive changes. The total price of separate examinations is relatively the same but the total price of magnetic resonance examination is thanks to increasing number of examinations quite high. The results showed that despite of increasing number of magnetic resonance examinations, corresponding decrease of ionizing radiation examination doesn´t happen.
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Demands on radiology assistants at three-dimension visualization
ČECH, Svatopluk
Fast development of three-dimension visualization in radiology relates to more sophisticated diagnostic machines, with the development of computer technology and digitizing. Increasing demands on radiology assistants in operating programs of reconstruction images increase the importance of their position at modern radiology workplace. Three-dimension images offer exact and undistorted images of patient's anatomy, they give better diagnostic information for physicians - radiologists and more objective imagination for physicians - clinicians. They find the application in a number of examinations in skiagraphy, angiography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. We can say that three-dimension visualization substitutes other examination which are invasive and represent certain complications for a patient. The question is whether some three-dimension examination can reduce radiation load of a patient. We can suppose that digital imaging methods will be part of near future and three-dimension visualization and further development of computer technique will acquire still more impact in diagnostic of many diseases.
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Present possibilities of using X-ray technology for examination of urology diseases
PODEŠVOVÁ, Jitka
Imaging methods play an essential role in the diagnostic algorithm by determining the disease character in any part of the human body. The same applies to uroradiology where we use both standard methods and recent modalities. In the opening part this theses I mention anatomical and physiological aspects of the urinary tract and describe conventional radiology methods, digitally processible (ultasonography, computer tomography, megnetic resonance) and interventional. Individual examination methods contain comments related to indication and contra-indication when applying a contrast agent and how to prevent allergic reactions, or possibly how to mange them if they have already occurred. In the following part of thesis I try to describe and evaluate costs of each examination. After a brief summary of radiating load in radiology methods I try to work out statistically a patient file examined on x-ray department in the Krnov´s hospital in October and November 2006 where I monitored whether urologists observe the algorithm of examination methods at patients with urological diseases.
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Conventional imaging procedure in radiology with a view to urogenital system (the education programe)
DVOŘÁČEK, Petr
In my work I concentrate on the basic examination methods for the urogenital system. It is about excretory urology (VUG), cystograph, cystouretrograph, retrograde uretrograph (ascending), histerosalpingograph (HSG), retrograde (ascending) pyelograph and antigrade (descending) pyelograph. Very detailed I describe the indication, the preparation and the follow through of the examinations. I am trying to compare non-invasive and invasive methods in the diagnosing of the urogenital system. I use the statistics of chosen hospitals in south of Czech Republic area in the time-span between 2000 and 2006. The modern radiodiagnostics methods together with the non-invasive and invasive methods in the diagnosing of the urogenital system still have non replaceable meaning in algorithm of the examinations in the urogenital system.
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Volumetric model of human vocal folds
Vampola, T. ; Horáček, Jaromír
The article describes the vollumetric 3D FE model of real human vocal folds in a defined phonation position. The model was developed from the CT images of the plaster casts obtained by a special procedure during experiments with the excised human larynges, when the phonatioon caused by the airflow was suddenly stopped without changing the position of the fixed larynx. The model is determined for studies of dynamical stresses in the vocal fold tissue during vocal folds collisions.
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