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Automated external defibrillators in theory and practice
Burianová, Lucie ; Sojková, Monika (advisor) ; Heczková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the treatment and importance of location Automated external defibrillators in the particular units of Integrated Rescue System. In the theoretical part I describe basic anatomy and physiology of heart, patophysiology of selected cardiac arrhythmias. The largest part is devoted to Automated external defibrillators. In the several parts I explain philosophy of defibrillators, description of instruments, indication and contraindication of use, correctly use of defibrillators, the pros and cons their use in basic life support. In this bachelor thesis I write history of defibrillation and Automated external defibrillators. I mention studies, which were performed on this topic. In the practical part the quantitative method was used in the form of anonymous questionnaires. The survey was conducted at the particular units of Integrated Rescue System.
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The language of medical reports and its information-lexical analysis
Přečková, Petra ; Zvárová, Jana (advisor) ; Hanzlíček, Petr (referee) ; Skalská, Hana (referee)
The objective of the dissertation thesis has been the information-lexical analysis of Czech medical reports and the usability of international classification systems in the Czech healthcare environment. The analysis of medical reports has been based on the attributes of the Minimal Data Model for Cardiology (MDMC). Narrative medical reports and structured medical reports from the ADAMEK software application have been used. For the thesis SNOMED CT and ICD-10 classification systems have been used. There has been compared how well attributes of MDMC are recorded in narrative and structured medical reports. The language analysis of the Czech narrative medical reports has been made. A new application for measuring diversity in medical reports written in any language is proposed. The application is based on the general concepts of diversities derived from f-diversity, relative f- diversity, self f-diversity and marginal f-diversity. The thesis has come to the conclusion that using a free text in medical reports is not consistent and not standardized. The standardized terminology would bring benefits to physicians, patients, administrators, software developers and payers and it would help healthcare providers as it could provide complete and easily accessible information that belongs to the process of...
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Advanced Data Mining in Cardiology
Mézl, Martin ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this master´s thesis is to analyse and search unusual dependencies in database of patients from Internal Cardiology Clinic Faculty Hospital Brno. The part of the work is theoretical overview of common data mining methods used in medicine, especially decision trees, naive Bayesian classifier, artificial neural networks and association rules. Looking for unusual dependencies between atributes is realized by association rules and naive Bayesian classifier. The output of this work is a complex system for Knowledge discovery in databases process for any data set. This work was realized with collaboration of Internal Cardiology Clinic Faculty Hospital Brno. All programs were made in Matlab 7.0.1.
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Survey of continuing care for cardiacs in Czech Republic, with focus on nursing care.
DOLEŽEL, Jakub
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the Czech Republic. An increasing number of its inhabitants become cardiac patients who require a nursing intervention. Nursing in cardiology has an irreplaceable position in the cardiovascular care provision. The health care costs are rising, nursing has been undergoing many changes. Training of cardiology nurses gets changed, as well as the image and role of cardiology nurses in society. Cardiology nurses are much more independent, educated and organized. In cardiovascular facilities nursing care is being standardized and the quality of care is improving. In this thesis, focus is given to nursing in cardiology. In the introduction the issue of cardiovascular diseases is outlined, the major part is devoted to the concept of Czech nursing in cardiology. Individual stages of the system of care for cardiac patients in the Czech Republic and the status of cardiology nurses involved in the system are surveyed. Attention is also paid to the structure of cardiovascular facilities and expert companies in our country and abroad. The thesis has the title: Survey of continuity of care for cardiac patients in the Czech Republic with focus on nursing care. In total five goals, seven research questions and four hypotheses were stated. We surveyed the cardiology nurses´ attitude to lifelong learning, if they are building their own specific image, and if they ensure the continuity of care. Our objective was also to identify the role of nurses in education of cardiac patients and the level of cardiac patients´ knowledge. The research section is elaborated on the basis of a qualitative and quantitative investigation. The qualitative part was carried out by semi-structured interviews with cardiology nurses working in comprehensive cardiovascular centers. The quantitative part of the survey was conducted with patients of comprehensive cardiovascular centers. Seventy domestic and foreign sources of literature devoted not only to the issueof cardiovascular diseases were quoted. The research results are supposed to serve as a basis for coordinated efforts of all participating nurses and institutions to build a well-functioning and technically and economically efficient system of nursing care for cardiac patients in CR.
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Informed consent as part of nursing care before invasive treatment in cardiology
BOUŠOVÁ, Radka
The dissertation, which deals with informed consent as part of nursing care before invasive treatment in cardiology, is divided into two separate parts. It is partly theoretical describing informed consent from the point of view of the law, its most important aspects and ways of providing informed consent, also as a component part of nursing documentation and nursing care. The theoretical part also deals with certain invasive treatments carried out in cardiology departments on diseases that can be revealed through these treatments, nursing care during these treatments and their complications. The second part is the research part, in which three goals were set. The first two goals focussed on the effect of informed consent and on the requirements before invasive treatment from the patient{\crq}s point of view. The third goal focussed on the effectiveness of informed consent from the point of view of nurses. Research questions were set in order to achieve these goals, according to which half-structured interviews were created which were carried out with both patients and nurses. The interview with nurses contained twenty questions concerning identification details, the effect of informed consent on nursing care, the requirements for informed consent and the effectiveness of informed consent. The interview with patients contained nineteen questions and was divided into the same parts as the interview with nurses. The inquiries helped to achieve all the goals and the results helped to answer the research questions. Informed consent has a large and significant effect on care from the patients{\crq} point of view. Before treatment they are provided with all the necessary information that is important for the good progress of the treatment and hospitalisation and patients do not have any other requirements. From the point of view of nurses informed consent is very effective but of course it depends on the patient{\crq}s attitude. Resolving this problem depends primarily on the medical personnel working in cardiology departments and therefore in conclusion we have summarised our results in a brief nursing manual on submitting information to patients before invasive cardiology treatment which could be an essential source material in order to improve nursing care.
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Most frequent problem in nurse practice before end after invasive achievements in cardiology
VESELÁ, Hana
The theme of this is {\clqq}The Most Frequent Problems in Nursing Practice before and after Invasive Cardiological Interventions``. The principal goals were to identify the most frequent problems in the nursing practice after invasive interventions, to map the awareness of patients before and after invasive interventions and the effect of awareness on further course of nursing care. The chapter describing the current state of the given problem also includes the history of invasive cardiology, describes some invasive interventions performed in the hospital and nursing. The latter is mainly focused on the role of a nurse in the care of patients undergoing invasive interventions and describes some nursing problems that may occur in these patients. The importance of communication between nursing staff and patients is highlighted. The qualitative inquiry took place in the form of non-standardized interviews and observation. The interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and transcribed subsequently. Two interviews, on which case reports were based, were made with 5 respondents in total. The case reports were completed with synoptic tables presenting the problems described in the case reports. The investigation took place at the standard Department of Cardiology of the České Budějovice Hospitál, Inc. The case reports include both interviews, before and after an invasive intervention, stating the most frequent problems of respondents. They reflect nurse{\crq}s approach to the care of patient and, last but not least, the level of doctor s and nurse{\crq}s awareness. I can state according to the achieved results that the set goals were reached. The results of this thesis will be provided to the management of the medical facility where the investigation was performed. They may serve to eliminate the described problems related to invasive interventions. The thesis may also be presented at nurse seminars, conferences and in professional magazines for nurses.
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Analysis of effectiveness of preventive interventions in patients with ischemic heart disease
ZLATINSKÁ, Sandra
Preventive interventions represent an important part of treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Proper observation of preventive interventions results in faster recovery, earlier resumption of normal lifestyle and particularly prevention of early or late complications. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to determine how effective are the preventive interventions provided by healthcare personnel in the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. To meet the objective, the following four research questions were formulated: 1. Is the secondary prevention in patients with IHD effective? The secondary prevention is not effective as the respondents failed to change their lifestyles and they continued to manifest high rates of behavioral risk factors for IHD. 2. Do the patients with IHD observe recommendations given within the preventive interventions? Results of the research survey indicate that the respondents are aware of the IHD risk factors, however, they observe only certain secondary prevention recommendations. 3. What prevents the patients from observing regimen principles set by the secondary prevention? The patients find it difficult to change their established lifestyles which need to be altered in order to observe the principles. Results of the research survey indicate that the respondents find it particularly difficult to change their eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. 4. Is the observation of preventive measures dependent on the period of time after the disease attack? Interviews conducted with 10 respondents treated for different periods of time after the disease attack failed to confirm this hypothesis. Results of the research survey indicate that differences in observation of preventive interventions among the respondents were negligible. 10 respondents with ischemic heart disease were selected as a research sample. The data were collected by means of a qualitative research using two structured interviews with open questions. The first round of interviews with IHD patients was conducted in January 2009 at the cardiology department of the hospital in České Budějovice. The second round of interviews was conducted after the hospitalization treatment stage {--} three month after the patients were discharged from the hospital. This thesis may enhance the knowledge of healthcare workers in secondary prevention of IHD and become a basis for further investigations in this field.
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The need of sleep by patients with cardiovascular disease in ICU
KABEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Lately, attention has been focused on sleep problems. Poor quality sleep, insomnia or intentional sleep shortening are risk factors for cardiovascular disease development, overweight, diabetes and mental disorders. During hospitalization in the ICU the sleep quality in patients usually worsens not only because the disease itself but also owing to other factors, such as fear, anxiety, lack of information on the disease, unfamiliar environment or noisy monitors. The theoretical part is divided into five basic chapters as follows: sleep characteristics, the issue of sleep, cardiovascular disease, meeting sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit and the intervention of a nurse in meeting sleep needs in the sleep laboratory. I set two objectives in my thesis: The first objective: to learn if sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are met. The second objective: to identify factors influencing the fulfilment of sleep needs in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit. Two hypotheses were suggested: The hypothesis I: sleep needs in patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are not met, The hypothesis II: the most percieved factor influencing sleep in patients in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit was the change of environment. To achieve the objectives I used the questionnaire method. The research set included patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit in the České Budějovice hospital, Inc. The obtained data analysis shows that sleep needs in patients hospitalized in the cardiologic Intensive Care Unit are not met. The most stressful factors are: the change of environment, monitor noisiness, lights switched on at night, uncomfortable beds and anxiety. The hypotheses were confirmed. The objectives of my thesis were accomplished. In the closing part of my thesis I suggest some solutions to improve patients´ feelings and meet their sleep needs, such as dim lights at night, turned down monitoring apparatuses alarm, patients activation during the day, a calming dialogue with the patient, bed making and airing the room before night. I also enclose some attachments treating the issue of sleep needs.
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