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Biodiverzita dřevních hub v oblasti Přírodní památky Nedošínský háj (okres Svitavy)
Horáčková, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with the biodiversity of wood fungi in the PP Nedošínský háj. The field survey was carried out during 14 field visits that lasted from 21 February 2022 to 23 February 2023. In total, 29 species of wood-destroying fungi were found in the area of Nedošínský háj. The most of fungal species were observed in October 2022 and the least of them in February and March 2022. The highest number of wood fungal species was found on oak (Quercus spp.) (9). White rot was recorded in 83 % of the wood fungal species. Saprotrophic species were 26 (90%), saproparasitic species were 2 and parasitic species were only 1. The most common level of substrate thickness was level 3 (10.1 - 20 cm). The most abundant species were: Hypholoma fasciculare (20 records), Hypoxylon fragiforme (13 records), Pholiota squarrosa (12 records), Piptoporus betulinus (11 records), Coprinus sp. (9 records), Trametes versicolor (7 records).
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Zjištění druhů rostlin vhodných pro revitalizaci příměstské zeleně
Babická, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to identify plant species in the area of TJ Sokol, Brno – Žabovřesky. To evaluate the biodiversity within these species, to evaluate the state of the current vegetation and to propose agriculturally usable species as part of the revitalization of the area. The area is made up of five parts that are in one area, but each of them has a different type of vegetation. Sixteen species were identified within area A, forty-seven species were identified within area B, twenty-four species found on area C, forty-six plant species were found on area D, and nineteen plant species were identified on area E. Within the framework of ascertaining the state of vegetation, revitalization measures were proposed for individual areas of interest. Area A: grass area regeneration design, area B: vineyard design, area C: fruit orchard design, area D: maintenance of the original orchard creation, area E: herb section design.
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Genetické možnosti šlechtění včely medonosné
Orlova, Sofiia
There was a significant decrease in bees worldwide in the early 21st century. This thesis focused on the study of genetic factors affecting the biodiversity of a population A. mellifera. A lot of genetic markers associated with key features of bees, such as hygiene behaviour and resistance to disease, can be used to select new lines with better characteristics and the potential to maintain and improve bee population. Exploitation of molecular genetic methods, such as SNP detection, has helped to identify genetic variants in some individuals and track their spread. In combination with traditional selection methods, for instance performance-based selection and phenotype analysis, molecular methods allow the selection of individuals with the best genetic characteristics and the improvement of the overall genetic quality of the bee population. Genetic diversity is a crucial factor for the health and survival of bee colonies, it is therefore important for beekeepers to use modern molecular genetic techniques to preserve the best bee qualities.
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Změny kulturní krajiny a jejich vliv na biodiverzitu
Mánková, Denisa
The diploma thesis is focused on changes in the cultural landscape and their impact on biodiversity. The work is divided into several parts. The literature review includes an overview of available information on topics related to the landscape, biodiversity, wild beasts, biogeography and characterization of the locality of the municipality of Moravany from the point of view of biogeography. The methods used are listed in the methodology chapter, namely: calculation of ecological stability, SWOT analysis, comparative method and phytocenological survey. The results of the work present the values of the ecological stability of the selected area, as well as the evaluation of the SWOT analysis, phytocenological images, the evaluation of the comparative method, the evaluation of the survey among the inhabitants of the given village and the evaluation of the statistical records of game. The results show that changes to the cultural landscape in the selected region based on data from 2010 to 2020 had a negative impact, which is visible in the reduced reading of game from statistical data.
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Degradace lesů v Malajsii a její ekonomické a sociální dopady
Šebelová, Hana
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of forest degradation in Malaysia and its economic and social impacts. It describes the causes and consequences of degradation and closely related deforestation, and deals with individual contents in more detail. In conclusion, economic and social impacts are presented and solutions are proposed for possible improvement of the situation in this country.
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Hunting and fishing in the light of selected environmental issues
Rudolf, Vít ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
1 Hunting and fishing in the light of selected environmental issues Abstract The diploma thesis focuses on the hunting and fishing in the light of selected environmental issues. Both hunting and fishing are activities that may serve as freetime activities, but their main purpose is nature conservation and as such should respond to the changes in nature brought about by climate change. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide the reader with a basic insight into the legal regulation of hunting and fishing and to assess the current legal regulation in terms of preparedness for the changes in nature brought about by ongoing climate change. The second objective is pursued by answering three questions: "Does the Czech legislation sufficiently care about biodiversity conservation?", "Does the Czech legislation effectively combat invasive and non-native species?" and "Is Czech legislation prepared for the changes in animal behaviour that will inevitably occur in the context of climate change?". The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters. The beginning of the diploma thesis focuses on the issue of climate change, where the emphasis is mainly placed on laying out the problems related to the loss of biodiversity, the introduction of non-native species and changes in animal behaviour. Next, the diploma...
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Diversity, ecology, and biotechnological potential of yeasts associated with bark beetles
Havlíček, Václav ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, David (referee)
Bark beetles (Coleoptera; Scolytinae) attack woody plants, which is why they are considered pests from a human perspective. They owe their evolutionary success, among other factors, to numerous symbioses with microorganisms, with fungi playing a significant role. The mycobiome of bark beetles is dominated by yeasts, which, nevertheless, are widely overlooked. Intestinal yeasts not only from Ips typographus but also from other species of bark beetles have potential for future biotechnological applications. The aim of this study was to examine their diversity and physiological activities, which will help clarify their ecological role and biotechnological potential. Collections were conducted in the Czech Republic from larvae of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus and from various species of subcortical insects in Kenya. Yeasts were identified and taxonomically classified based on rDNA sequencing. A total of 133 yeast strains belonging to 37 species were identified, including 9 species that could not be identified and belong to previously undescribed species and in two cases also genera. A total of 133 yeast strains belonging to 37 species were identified, including 9 species that could not be identified and belong to previously undescribed species and in two cases also genera. The most frequently...
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Protection of biodiversity of deep sea-bed in areas beyond national jurisdiction
Kopecký, Martin ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
Protection of biodiversity of deep sea-bed in areas beyond national jurisdiction Protection of the marine environment including ecosystems and biodiversity of the seabed, is one of the main goals towards which international environmental law should be aiming. In the first part of this diploma thesis, I presented the main deep-seabed ecosystems, and I drew attention to the main discrepancies between the natural scientific and legal view of these ecosystems. In the second part of this thesis, I presented crucial legal principles and approaches that are applicable to the protection of the deep seabed, and I included examples of binding and non-binding legal instruments which contain those principles. I further outlined their status in the current system of international law, particularly with regard to the international customary and treaty law. In the third part of this thesis, I analysed specific international conventions which apply to the protection of deep seabed biodiversity. First, I analysed the UN Convention on the marine law, and then I focused on two regional legal regulations: Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic and Antarctic Treaty System. At first, I addressed the question whether they include the main principles and approaches which I...
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Legal regulation of ex situ biodiversity conservation
Hronová, Ivana ; Derlich, Stanislav (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
Legal regulation of ex situ biodiversity conservation Abstract This thesis focuses on the legal regulation of biodiversity conservation at international, European and mainly national level, in relation to ex situ conservation. The aim of the thesis is to introduce and provide an overview of the legal regulation of biodiversity conservation with a focus on ex situ protection of species of animals and plants. The secondary objectives of the thesis are de lege ferenda considerations in response to the identified shortcomings of the legal regulation in the Czech Republic, together with a comparison of selected provisions of the Slovak and Czech legal system. Overall, the thesis is intended to encourage reflection on the importance of biodiversity conservation and to focus attention on programmes, facilities and other methods of addressing ex situ protection. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with basic concepts such as biodiversity and its levels, or a more detailed definition of in situ and ex situ conservation. The global issue of species extinction and the overall loss of biodiversity is also discussed along with the importance of its conservation. The second part covers the sources of international and European law in the field of nature protection and care for biological...
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Are former common pastures a significant part of protected areas?
Kosová, Barbora ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Härtel, Handrij (referee)
Former common pastures show a higher biological value than the surrounding landscape and they usually represent areas of conservation value. The aim of this thesis is to find out whether the state nature protection of the Czech Republic reflects this fact. For this purpose, 210 small protected areas in six districts in three regions, namely Cheb and Sokolov districts in Karlovy Vary region, Česká Lípa and Jablonec nad Nisou districts in Liberec region, and Kroměříž and Zlín disctricts in Zlín region were analyzed. The former common pastures were located within the boundaries of the small protected areas according to the historical maps of Stable Cadastre from the first half of the 19th century. To determine biotope diversity of analyzed areas the Natura 2000 biotope mapping was used. Data from the species database were used to compare species diversity of the studied protected areas. In conclusion, the former common pastures were located in 30 out of 210 small protected areas and on average covered 3,6 % of the protected area. Above average values were found in the districts of Zlín region. Higher biotope diversity of the former common pastures was confirmed, as well as higher biotope diversity of protected areas, in which former common pastures were located. The differences in the species...
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