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Use of cattle and sheep breeding for landscape maintenance
HOUŠKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of my thesis was to identify and evaluate the conditions of shared breeding of cattle and sheep reached at pasture rearing as well as to set up the basic behavior of dams in both herds during the pasture period. In the research, there were involved dams (Aberdeen angus) together with 56 ewes (Suffolk runt). Ethological monitoring was done three times during the pasture period (lasting 24 hours) using the method of direct watching (10-minute intervals). Both herds were kept together during the pasture period.
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Evaluation the influence of grazing on performance of dairy cows
TOMAN, Michal
This study analyzes the impact on performance of dairy cows grazing in firm, which is located in the LFA. Furthermore, also deals with procedures for management of pastures and grazing alone. The operation, carried out before and during grazing pasture is important in terms of quantity and quality of grass. The results of this study show that the farm was milk production during the grazing season is lower than in winter. Lower milk production was achieved due to increase activity, changes in ration and low quality crop, which was connected with a high burden of pastures. Lower milk production was achieved due to increased activity, changes in ration and low quality crop, which was connected with high grazing load, which was 2.2 DJ. ha-1.
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The methanotrophic community in soils of cattle overwintering area
NITKULINCOVÁ, Andrea
The long-term cattle impact on soil methanotrophs was investigated at cattle overwintering area located at the ecofarm in the South Bohemia. Four sets of soil samples were sampled in spring and fall of 2009 and 2010. Differences in methanotrophic community structure among experimental sites and were investigated by DGGE and MISA. Real-Time PCR was used for estimation of quantity of Type I methanotrophs. The CARD-FISH method was used to estimate the percentage shared and cell counts of Type I and Type II methanotrophs among all prokaryotic cells. Substantial part of the thesis was focused on optimization of methods used.
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Fertility of cows bred in modern technology
ŠVARCOVÁ, Lenka
The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate various fertility indicators of dairy cows of Holstein cattle bred in modern farming techniques on the farm Rolnička Lipanovice and contribute to the clarification of interdependence of the factors, which influence fertility results. 288 inseminated breeding cows were included in to the reference group, in which it was possible to significantly demonstrate data collected by own observation or from the farm owner and inseminators. These data were collected since 1. 7. 2009 to 30. 6. 2010 and revealing information about rut course and intensity of observed breeding cows. The results that were concluded from recorded and processed data characterize the influence of various factors on fertility.
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Noise mapping in livestock buildings for cattle.
MATĚJŮ, Aleš
The content of this work is to describe the structural characteristics of the objects and characteristics of production technologies. The main objective is to measure noise levels in selected buildings on their land borders. Measurements were stables for breeding heifers and calves. Furthermore, to ensure data from these measurements and their evaluation.
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Behavior analysis of the dairy cows with technology of milking robot
SCHESTAUBEROVÁ, Markéta
With the increasing consumption of milk and dairy products the number of dairy cows grew up also. But at the same time the requests on dairy cows were increasing which brought changes in technology and technique of the milking system which would be helpful with milk production, productivity of work and welfare of dairy cows. Milking robots could be a suitable solution. The first robot was installed on a farm in Netherlands in 1992. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate the basic behavior of Czech Spotted cattle based on analysis of their daily behavior with connection to dairy production and to the number of milking during the lactation. There were three ethological observations realized from June to December 2009 on a private family farm in Chlumeček near Křemže. The whole area of agricultural land is 320ha, out of which 120ha permanent grass and 210ha arable land. On this farm there are 72 dairy cows of Czech Spotted cattle in average, their hybrids and several pieces of Holstein dairy cows. The data were evaluated in the program Microsoft Excel and Statistica 9. The dairy cows gave attention to the feed intake most of all in September and that presents 26.07% of the whole day. It was 23.18% during the first observation in May and for the third observation in December 24.35% of the time. Standing of cows averaged 22.33% and the length of active time reached in average 4.33%. The lying duration of dairy cows were changed minimally during the year. At the first observation the lying period was 49.88%, at the second observation it was 48.25% and at the third observation 48.87% of the time. Quantity of milk per lactation was 4679kg in average; the highest productivity reached the group of dairy cows during the second lactation (4866kg of milk). Quantity of protein was 159.33kg in average with the content of 3.40%. The average number of milking reached 2.86 per day. The length of insemination interval was 103.49 days and service period was 159.97 days.
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Effect of robotic milking on the behavior of breeding cows
BLÁHOVÁ, Lucie
With increasing consumption of milk and milk products, there were increased number of dairy cattle, but the increase of demand for dairy cows and thus to changes in technology and technique of milking, which would increase milk production, productivity, and improve the welfare of dairy cows. An efficient solution could be milking robots. The first robot was placed on a farm in the Netherlands in 1992. The introduction of robotic milking on agricultural farms in the Czech Republic began in 2003 when the main reason was a shortage of skilled manpower that would be willing to work in harsh working and sanitary conditions. The thesis aim was to assess the effect of milking by the milking robot on the behavior of breeding cows throughout the day in relation to milk yield and fertility in relation to lactation and genotypic classification (H100, HxC, C100). The behavioral monitoring was carried out in dairy farms Brloh (milking by milking robots) and Haklových Dvorech - the control group (in the milking house) in the period from August 2009 to January 2010. The data processing was done with using the Microsoft Excel program. For the evaluation of all parameters were observed in herds calculated basic statistics. Differences disappear individual indicators were evaluated single-factor analysis of variance. The first monitoring of the findings in cattle reproductive performance was the terms of genotype. The values were found favorable for fertility groups HxC in the both stables. Length insemination interval reached 69.1 days in ZD Brloh (compared to 110.1 of the ŠZP Haklovy Dvory), length of service period of 110.8 (vs. 142.9 days). In the meantime, the length (due to differences in the number of animals in the group) was a length of 409.5 versus 438.5 in the group of breeding cows milked in a milking house (ŠZP Haklovy dvory). Further indicators of fertility were evaluated in terms of lactation. The longest length of service period was recorded at 1st lactation in ŠZP Haklovy Dvory were 176 days. The shortest service period was found at the 3rd and subsequent lactations of 133.5 days. Insemination interval, indicating the search of breeding cows, which were in a rutting season, was roughly the same at all lactation ZD Brloh (range 72.7 to 78.2 days) for the ŠZP Haklovy Dvory was the longest period of time to 2 lactation (118.9 days). In terms of breeding cows for milk yield for each lactation cows achieve greater results in the production company with robotic milking (100 days - 3539.1 kg, 200 days - 6727.5 kg of milk 305 days - 9602.9 kg of milk). Compared to the control group, where a 100 days lactation cows milked 3240.06 kg of milk 200 days produced 5433 kg to 305 of milk and 5327.18 kg of milk daily. The behavioral surveillance in both companies was carried out for 24 hours using the interval method with a 10 minutes interval period. The largest part of the day the cows were lying. The second largest dairy operations were the category of standing, which represented the average length of 6.05 hours in ZD Brloh. In the ŠZP Haklovy Dvory was the time period 5.71 hours. The significant period between groups is also the time of feeding, which in the system with the milking in milking house is much shorter by 1.79 hours and it taken 3.71 hours. The length of the movement was in the milking house more than half the size shorter and was 0.32 hours. Also, the length of staying in the milking house was about half shorter and it was 0.22 hours.
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Noise Pollution of the Urban Area Caused by a Dairy Farm
BEHENSKÝ, Luboš
The aim of the work is to determine noise pollution of the urban area caused by a dairy farm in Tajanov. Three receiver locations that were chosen are located on the urban area border at which are crucial for the spreading of noise into this observed area. Nine time intervals were recorded in each receiver location. The length of each time interval was one hour. Equivalent continuous sound pressure levels were quantified for each day and night reference time interval. The levels were compared with the local noise law limits and the share of the dairy farm on the total amount of noise that has been identified.
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Farming on permanent grassland and structure of animal husbandry in enterprises with their superiority
SEDLECKÝ, Pavel
The Thesis was elaborated on the theme: Farming on permanent grassland (PG) and structure of animal husbandry in enterprises with their superiority. The aim was to analyze number of cattle, milk and meat production, the proportion of PG in Czech Republic and detail in the South Bohemia. A working hypothesis was set as follows, that with increasing altitude, increasing the proportion of grassland. From 1989 till 2009 in the Czech Republic the acreage of grassland increased about 100 thousand he, but in the same period decreased by 2 100 000 pieces in cattle. This has resulted in insufficient load {--} 0.7 LU/he. For comparison I show the average load in the EU {--} 1.1 LU/he. The results show that the proportion of PG in the Czech Republic had increased, but grassing should be more focused. It should also improve the structure of livestock farming on PG and thereby achieve an increase in load and LU/he.
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Life manifestation of milk cows during pasture way of breeding
NOVOTNÝ, Miroslav
The aim of this work was to monitor the basic behavioral categories pasture behavior of cattle in the farming method. Monitoring was also stable during the milking, which took place early in the morning and afternoon. The results obtained have been processed into graphs and tables in Microsoft Excel. The herd was composed of cows Czech spotting cattle and Holstein cattle and pasture were from April to November.
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