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Optimization models in waste management
Šmídová, Zlata ; Smejkalová, Veronika (referee) ; Šomplák, Radovan (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with the application of optimization models in the waste management. The analysis of the current state, the estimation of information about the flow of a specific waste, the estimation of the probable processing site and the method of processing is developed by a suitable approach based on sophisticated mathematical methods. The mathematical model, which was created by merging the two already existing models, brings results suitable also for forecasting the state of the waste management. The output is a comprehensive computational tool that was tested on data from the year 2015. The results for mixed municipal waste (catalogue number 20 03 01), bulky waste (catalogue number 20 03 07) and waste with catalogue number 19 08 05, i.e. residual sludge from sewage plants, were processed in MS Excel.
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Mathematical models of effects of selected factors on photosnythesis for highschools
Cinibulková, Renata ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tichá, Ingrid (referee)
The goal of this Master thesis was development of teaching materials that are focusing on mastering the fundamentals of mathematical modelling on the examples of photosynthetic processes and influence of selected environmental factors on these processes. Developed models of photosynthetic response to select environmental factors, worksheets, methodical manuals and other supporting materials belong to the teaching materials for secondary schools and serve as a basis of work with models. This teaching materials are aimed to introduce modelling and its significance not only in science but also in education. The present thesis was accomplished on the basis of participation of the Department of Experimental Plant Biology of Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague in international project NSF within programme GLOBE - The Carbon Cycle. The present thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part includes a literary review and an introduction to the mathematical modelling (in software Stella) that are elaborated considering the teaching purposes and serve as a theoretical background for practical part of present thesis. The chapters that deal with increasing interest in mplementing of modelling in education and with philosophical background of software...
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Simulation of pharmacokinetic models
Hejč, Jakub ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
The theoretical part of this project is occupied with analysis of pharmacokinetic actions and also basic attributes of mathematical models used in pharmacokinetics. This description is mainly focused on models used for perfusion imaging methods. The aim of this project is to create an algorithm that simulates chosen models based on assigned parameters and also an algorithm that serves to fit experimentally measured data with a chosen model with a calculation of basic pharmacokinetic parameters. The next step of this solution is graphic interface realization which enables a full use of created algorithm in more accessible surroundings for the user. The result of this work is a program that can be used to obtain real data parameters and as well as a visual sample of the influence of these parameters on a process in a chosen functions.
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Autonomous differential equations
Bokišová, Lenka ; Vodstrčil, Petr (referee) ; Opluštil, Zdeněk (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is concerned with solution of autonomous dierential equations. Attention is devoted to the basic mathematical models of population growth of single species. It is here mentioned Malthus model, model with intraspecic competition and analyzed the model of population growth under predation. The acquired knowledge is applied to specic mathematical models of sheries. Here are distinguish cases where shing is a constant and depends on the size of the population. Moreover, it is studied the model of shing of sardines with special growth function. In each model is dealt with the question of stability of stationary solutions.
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The Housing Sector over Business Cycles: Empirical Analysis and DSGE Modelling
Brůha, Jan ; Polanský, Jiří
In this paper, we analyse the dynamics of the housing sector over business cycles. First, we provide an empirical analysis of the relationships between housing sector data and the main macroeconomic variables both on Czech data and on a sample of advanced economies. We document that in most countries the housing sector co-moves with the rest of the economy. In the past, the Czech housing market showed temporary episodes during which the housing sector was seemingly disconnected, but since 2005 the housing sector has become more cyclical. Second, we develop a cascade of increasingly complex DSGE models to assess the relative merits of each additional mechanism. Contrary to the popular framework with collateral constraints, we concentrate on the housing sector as an additional production sector via the standard supply and demand mechanisms. Our results confirm that these standard mechanisms are sufficient to replicate the observed comovements of housing market variables.
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Explaining the Strength and Efficiency of Monetary Policy Transmission: A Panel of Impulse Responses from a Time-Varying Parameter Model
Matějů, Jakob
This paper analyzes both the cross-sectional and time variation in aggregate monetary policy transmission from nominal short-term interest rates to the price level. Using Bayesian TVP-VAR models where structural monetary policy shocks are identified by a mixture of short-term and sign restrictions, I show that monetary policy transmission has become stronger over the last few decades. This finding is robust across both developed and emerging economies. Monetary policy sacrifice ratios (the output costs of disinflation induced by monetary policy tightening) have decreased over the last four decades. Exploring the cross-country and time variation in monetary policy responses using panel regressions, I show that after a country adopted inflation targeting, monetary transmission became stronger and sacrifice ratios decreased. In periods of banking crises, the transmission from monetary policy interest rate shocks to prices is weaker and the related output costs are higher. Furthermore, countries with higher domestic private credit to GDP feature stronger transmission of interest rate shocks.
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Quality of life assessment in the selected regions by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
CHROMÁ, Vendula
The diploma thesis aims to do a research into quality of life of the selected regions in the Czech Republic and so to identify strengths and weaknesses of the individual regions. The research is done by means of DEA method on the basis of chosen criterions. The DEA method determines the effectiveness of individual districts and so it shows the living standard. Moreover, the DEA method also suggests the way how to raise effectiveness in the case of inefficient regions. The thesis also focuses on strengths and weaknesses of production units, which comes out from the assessment itself. For the application of the model, economic and uneconomic indicators such as unemployment, work inability, criminality, air pollution and the apartments' costs were chosen. These indicators represent inputs. In outputs, there are density of the road network and average wages included. All data relates to the year 2010. The assessment itself is carried out via a special software Frontier Analyst.
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Optimization of the TV ad planning using mathematical models
Petruška, Tomáš ; Jablonský, Josef (advisor) ; Kalčevová, Jana (referee)
Planning and optimization of TV advertising space in the area of the Czech media market requires a knowledge of features of the problem and systems that are able to suggest the best results from data taken from measurement of TV audience, which is complex and demands special capacity. These results should be obtained (calculated) by using mathematical optimization models. Results depend on the objectives of company. The content of this thesis is to create and implement mathematical models, which serve to solve practical problems about planning advertising space and commercial blocks. The work deals with the characteristics of the television media market, audience measurement, the factors that influence the ratings, as well as an examination of other indicators that are necessary for the planning and optimization of TV advertising. Besides familiarizing the reader with the operations of buying advertising space, this paper`s goal is to demonstrate newly created mathematical models that are applicable to the work of TV channels, media agencies or other companies, which deal with the optimization of the television media market.
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Solving the Battleship Solitaire puzzle as an integer programming problem
Přibylová, Lenka ; Jablonský, Josef (advisor) ; Fábry, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the Battleship Solitaire puzzle. It introduces the history and the rules of this puzzle, which are thereafter used to formulate the puzzle as an integer programming problem. Two mathematical models based on different approaches are created, a cell-based model and a ship-based model. In order to determine whether a puzzle has a unique solution an objective function is added to each model. Both models are developed in LINGO modeling language and tested with different grid sizes. The test results show that even though the ship-based model uses fewer variables and constraints, it is too demanding in terms of data processing. It results in longer solving times and the model fails to find a solution for larger grids. Solving the problem using the cell-based model is significantly faster. The solution was found even for larger grids, though the solving time was very long.
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Efficiency evaluation models and their applications
MARKOVÁ, Klára
Thesis themed "Efficiency evaluation models and their applications" deals with mathematical models for the efficiency evaluation of comparable production units and targets the utilization of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for this purpose. The thesis aims first to describe DEA models and mention possibilities of their application and then to practise the theoretical knowledge by using proper software in a factual instance. To reach this aim the thesis is composed of two parts {--} theoretical abstract and practical application. The abstract contains basic theory of DEA: fundamental principles, input data and results and description of primary, alternate and modified models. A summary of software applications that can evaluate efficiency using DEA follows. The abstract is closed with some real examples of DEA applications in practice. The second part of the thesis arose from cooperation with a fire department of a factual region of the Czech Republic. The efficiency of its 16 fire stations is compared by using a proper DEA model. A number of actions (output) and a number of employees, a level of fire equipment and an inside area (inputs) are established for each fire station on the strength of the fire department{\crq}s statistics, databases and estimations. The efficiency calculation is performed through the use of the Frontier Analyst Professional, software application specially made for the DEA analysis. Regarding the outputs uncontrollable character an input-oriented DEA model is chosen for the calculation of the fire stations efficiency. A result of the DEA efficiency analysis consists in separating the effective and ineffective fire stations of the surveyed fire department. The potential improvement (inputs decrease), necessary to reach the maximal efficiency, is proposed to each ineffective fire station. This suggestion is further adapted with respect to the real feasibility and the Czech legislative order. The practical part of the thesis is concluded with appreciation to what degree the stated targets were reached and to what degree the application of the DEA method to comparing the factual fire stations efficiency was rewarding.
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