|
|
Obsah jodu v moči a mléce krav v období puerperia
HOLÍKOVÁ, Michaela
The theoretical part of the thesis informs about the importance of iodine for humans, dairy cows and calves, its occurrence in the environment of the Czech Republic, the symptoms of iodine deficiency or excess and sources of iodine for dairy cows. It also presents factors influencing the iodine content in milk and introduces the postpartum period. The practical part is devoted to the evaluation of the iodine content in milk and urine of dairy cows in the puerperium period, i.e. up to the 25th day after birth, as well as to the evaluation of the correlation between the iodine content in milk and urine of dairy cows, milk yield and day of lactation.
|
|
|
Vliv objemného krmiva na mléčnou produkci vysokoužitkových dojnic
HOMOLKOVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis dealt with the relationship between milk yield and roughage in the ration of high yielding dairy cows. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the changes in milk yield and levels of selected milk components in relation to changes in the representation of individual roughages in the ration in the studied enterprise VOD Velký Bor. The theoretical part is devoted to the problem of dairy cow nutrition, where individual elements of the ration are discussed in individual chapters together with factors affecting the overall efficiency of nutrition. The conclusion of the first chapter is devoted to feeding technique and separate ration, where possible methods of feeding dairy cows are discussed. The second chapter was devoted to separate feeds, describing the distribution of individual feeds, processing methods and the methods used to assess the ability of feeds to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals. In the practical part, the results from the selected farm were analysed, including the average milk yield with milk components for each year and the relationship of their values with the changes in the feed ration was evaluated. The components studied included milk fat content, milk protein content and milk lactose. In the period under review, the most frequent reason for variation was the change in the proportion of straw in the ration, which affected milk yields, for example in 2022 when the difference between the average and the lowest milk yield was 1,95 litres/head/day. For the change in the level of ingredients, the reversal of the proportion of stale clover silage and maize in the ration in 2021 was significant. This change was mainly reflected in the protein content, where the level dropped from an average of 3,99 g.kg-1 to 3,47 g.kg-1. The paper also concludes with recommendations for practice on the issue of ration composition leading to milk yield and milk composition reaching parameters for proper monetization in the dairy industry.
|
|
|
Vyhodnocení výskytu mastitid u dojnic ve vybraném chovu skotu
KOPEČKOVÁ, Kateřina
Mastitis is a serious production disease affecting dairy cattle. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the incidence of mastitis in a selected cattle farm during the study period 2022-2023. A total of 174 cases of mastitis were identified, 82 % of which were caused by environmental pathogens, the most isolated being Streptococcus uberis (68 %). The highest incidence of mastitis occurred during summer (28 %) and the lowest during autumn (22 %). The most frequently infected quarter was the right hind (34 %) and the lowest incidence was in the left front (18 %). During the study, mastitis occurred during lactations 1-6, but was most frequently demonstrated in lactation 2 (29 %), with the lowest incidence occurring during lac-tations 5 and 6 (7 %). From calving to mastitis incidence occurred most frequently in phase 4 (over 150 days), during which 31 % of mastitis occurred. The somatic cell count was 316 000, with the highest count during August 2022 (405 000).
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Evaluace parametrů vnitřního prostředí krav ustájených v odlišných technologických systémech
Vevera, Petr
This diploma thesis that is named “Evaluation of inner environment of cows housed in different technological systems” is focusing on effect of housing technology on inner environment of dairy cows. There were two studied groups of cows that were housed in different technological systems. In three terms the blood samples were taken, that were later evaluated for following parameters: alkaline phosphatase, alanineaminotransferasis, aspartataminotransferasis, gamaglutamyltransferasis, lactate dehydrogenasis, creatin kinasis, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, betahydroxybutyrate, urea, lactate, total antioxidant status. After statistical evaluation of data following parameters were affected by housing technology: alaninaminotransferasis, aspartateaminotransferasis, gamaglutamyltransferasis, lactate dehydrogenasis, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, betahydroxybutyrate, urea and lactate.
|
|
|
Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti sušiny a organické hmoty směsných krmných dávek s rozdílným zastoupením krmných surovin
Ursová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis was evaluvation of the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter by in vitro method in total mixed ration (TMR) with different representation of components. The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants with all its physiological requirements is described in the literary review. Furthermore, attention was paid to factors affecting the digestibility of feed and subsequent methods for determination of digestibility. The literary review was also focused on the characteristics and structure of TMR. TMR analyzes were determined by chemical methods and subsequently statistically evaluated in Excel and Statistica. The analysis took into account the chemical analysis, nutritional value and concentration of macroelements and microelements. 8 TMRs with different proportions of components were selected for analyzes, of which 6 were assembled for the peak of lactation, one for early lactation and one for the end of lacta-tion. All TMRs are designed for dairy cows with production capacity of over 9,000 l of milk.
|
|
|
Analýza mléčné užitkovosti dojnic českého strakatého skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Čurda, Jaroslav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the analysis of milk yield in dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle during one calendar year in selected breeding. For this purpose, 12 measurements were made in individual months, where the monitored parameters included day in milk (DIM), number of lactation (n), milk yield (kg milk) and milk components, namely fat (%) and protein (%). The results show that the effect of season had a significant effect on the amount of milk produced (kg) and the milk components (fat, protein). The highest daily milk yield was achieved by dairy cows in spring months and the lowest in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The highest fat and protein contents were achieved in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation order on milk yield was highly significant. The highest milk yields were achieved in the 3rd lactation. The highest fat, protein and lactose contents were achieved in the 1st lactation (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation stage on milk yield was statistically significant, with the highest milk yields being achieved in the first 100 days of lactation. The lowest was at 301 days or more. The content of milk components (fat, protein) was highest at 301 days and more (P < 0.01).
|
|
|
Vyhodnocení růstové intenzity jalovic na jejich reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti
Voldánová, Eliška
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate effects of holstein heifers growth factors and their subsequent reproduction and milk production. The heifers were rear in the same conditions and also their subsequet reproduction and milk production took place in the same stable. No significant (p> 0,05) differences in the weight of heifers weighed a tage of 225, 335, 445 and 580 days were demonstrated for heifers after the sires of the line NXB and for heifers after the sires of the line NEO. Similary, there was no evidence (p> 0,05) of the influence of the order of mother´s lactation on the growth ability of the heifers. From the reproductive indicators of the heifers, the age of embed, the age of calving and the insemination index were monitored. The heifers were most often embed at the age of 13 months. The best age if calving was from the age of 22 to 23 months. Significantly (p <0,05), the best insemination index was found out in heifers from mothers on the 4th and higher lactation (1,17). The best insemination index was shown on the group of heifers which weighed during their time of embed between 400 to 440 kg. The milk production was better after the sires of the line NXB (10556 kg). In terms of grouping by maternal lactation, the best performance was held by heifers after the mother on the 2nd lactation. The content of fat was the similar (about 4 %) in all groups of heifers. The content of protein was similar for all groups of heifers (3,36 %). The best milk production was achieved by heifers calved at the age of 23–24 months. This group had the highest content of fat and proteins. The most favorable milk yield was shown in heifers weighing between 400 to 440 kg at the time of embeding. This group also had the highest fat content, but conversely the lowest protein content.
|
|
|
Vztah negativní energetické bilance a poruch reprodukce u dojnic
Drlíčková, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis focuses on excessive negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy cows, resulting from high milk yield, and its effects on reproductive performance. The aim was to present the principles of dairy cow nutrition, the occurrence, consequences, and monitoring of NEB and to describe the interrelationships with metabolic and reproductive disorders. In the practical part, the analysis of the dairy cows (n = 177) of Holstein cattle was carried out from 1 January to 30 June 2022. The reproductive technician evaluated reproductive disorders based on the veterinary examination and sonographic examination with a linear rectal probe. Of all monitored dairy cows, retained placenta was detected in 10,73 %, uterine inflammation in 31,07 %, follicular cysts in 16,38 %, and luteal cysts in 5,65 %. The prevalence of NEB was determined using individual milk samples collected as part of performance monitoring. Samples taken on days 5 – 30 after calving and days 31 – 60 after calving were used for the analysis. A statistically significant (p < 0,05) positive correlation was found for the observed milk components (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fat/protein ratio), and a statistically significant (p < 0,01) higher concentration in the first sample after calving compared to the second sample. For selected components, threshold values indicating risk of excessive NEB and ketosis were determined: acetone concentration ≥ 0,12 mmol/l, beta-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 0,10 mmol/l, and fat/protein ratio ≥ 1,3. When evaluating the first samples after calving, the values were exceeded on average in 48,77 % of the dairy cows and 31,64 % of the dairy cows in the case of the second samples. The fat/protein ratio was used to evaluate the relationship between NEB and reproductive disorders. The threshold value (≥ 1,3) indicating the risk of NEB was exceeded in 90 dairy cows, which, compared to healthy individuals, showed a higher incidence of the retained placenta by 5,28 %, uterine inflammation by 6,85 % and follicular cysts by 5,10 %. The analysis results showed a higher incidence of ovarian cysts connected to higher productivity (p < 0,01). In first-lactation dairy cows there was statistically significantly (p < 0,01) more intense NEB than in second-lactation dairy cows and the highest incidence of uterine inflammation. The results of the work demonstrate the connection between high productivity, NEB and reproductive disorders.
|
guest ::
