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Mezikulturní rozdíly barevných preferencí
Viková, Martina ; Vik, Michal ; Kania, Eva
Color plays an important role in life, which affects our perception, shifting meanings of symbols, emphasizes or suppresses communication of pictograms, logos, brands, acts of emotional perception, affects mood. Color is very important for designers; graphics, artists, and it can significantly affect the acceptance of the artwork, merchantability or relationship to the artwork. It is important to know how the color affects the humans. For pictograms there is a tendency to place priority on shape to color. But sometimes the similar pictograms have different meanings when the color is added. This is the same for design, for example great chandelier can cause a calming effect or support activity only with a change of color. Correct use of color helps with orientation in symbols, e.g. pictogram for hot and cold water or designation of toilets is understandable with color. Conversely, wrong use color can confuse. The purpose of this project is, a) relationship of colors and words; which color people associate with certain words; b) influence of culture on word and color association. In this article were tested the habits of Czech, Japanese and Russian nation. Among the concepts evaluated were found to group words, which are characterized by strong emotional attachment to the expressions given by the change in both cultures, similarities respectively.
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Barevný vzhled dekorativních povrchů
Vik, Michal ; Čejka, Václav ; Viková, Martina ; Maltseva, Anna
The article explains the basic concepts of colorimetry and deals with issues of assessment reflectance quality of special plaster coatings in accordance with current methods of measuring spectral reflectance of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The results demonstrate that in the case of coatings with high gloss values leads to a linear increase of chroma depending on the lightness values in the case of measuring devices fitted diffusion geometry. Conversely, if the angle-measuring instrument fitted geometry values of specific purity correlated with values of specific brightness. Analysis BRDF, respectively BSRDF function showed that the previously used dichromatic spectral reflectance model must be extended by an additional parameter explaining the correlation between chroma and lightness at the di:8 measurement geometry.
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Spektrální distribuce použitých světelných zdrojů a hodnota bělosti FWA vzorků
Vik, Michal ; Viková, Martina ; Prince Periyasamy, Aravin
The Whiteness of textiles, plastics, paper and paints is important aspects, which are considered in daily life. Customers usually prefer white products, especially in summer because of comfort reasons. In addition, white, being an achromatic color has a physiological effect on human sensation. Generally, High whiteness is not possible to get through only bleaching process. Therefore, the application of FWA’s (Fluorescence Whitening Agents) is a common practice in industry where the need to achieve “high” whiteness. In the case of white materials, the nature of these chemicals is to absorb light in the invisible, or near ultra-violet, region of the spectrum and then re-emit this light as fluorescence in the visible region of the spectrum. This re-emitted light generally occurs between 420-500nm. The effect is a greater degree of reflectance in the blue region of the spectrum, therefore a “bluer” white. In effect, this process produced much whiter whites! Consequently to other color attributes of an object depends on many factors, such as lighting (illumination), size of sample, and background and surrounding colors. Much more importantly, color is a subjective phenomenon and depends on the observer. In this article were discussed the influence of SPD (Spectral Power Distribution) tested light sources on whiteness. Solid-state lighting (white LEDs, etc.) is necessary to improve by a full-visible-spectrum technology because standard white LEDs are unable to activate FWA’s sufficiently. Ra does not capture this issue or other conventional color rendition metrics, although it corresponds to a very large color distortion for shades of white. Full-visible-spectrum LEDs emit no harmful ultra-violet light, but enough violet light to properly excite FWA’s and render whites like natural sources.
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Rozlišovací schopnost barev na pomezí fotopického/mezopického vidění
Vik, Michal ; Viková, Martina ; Pechová, Marcela
The human eye is most sensitive to the wavelength region 555 nm, with decreasing light intensity is shifted the sensitivity of the human eye to shorter wavelengths. Subjective evaluation of observers (Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test and a set of color chips) were performed under seven luminous levels on mesopic and photopic luminance level, which have been achieved application of proof car foils with different luminous transmission on polymethylmethacrylate plates. A select group of observers was divided according to FM 100 Hue Test to the categories superior (The total overall error score to 19) and average (The total overall error score to 100) by the total overall error score. For the evaluation of the observers was chosen set of color samples defined by National Coil Coaters Association (A prismatic display of Measured color difference). They are colorful papers square chips with the measured color difference with 1 or 5 units (progressively according the axis L + a + b +, L-, a-, b-) from the center chip (16 center chip, total of 96 samples). Of the evaluated data it was found that the evaluation of color differences on chips with small color difference (DE = 1) is the distinction these chips possible even at 1 lux. From this luminous lighting increased differentiation between trials observers. For chips with a larger color difference (DE = 5) were the differences in evaluation observers at all high luminance levels.
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