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Metal Nanoclusters in Zeolite Nanocages: Synthesis and Characterization by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
 Bastl, Zdeněk ; Spirovová, Ilona
Rhodium and palladium nanoparticles were prepared in zeolites X and Y from ion exchanged metal ammine complexes by thermal decomposition of the complexes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to characterize individual steps of decomposition and growth of metal nanoparticles. Substantial reduction of Pd-tetraammine complex in zeolites by X-ray irradiation leading to inward diffusion of Pd and production of highly dispersed metal has been observed. Autoreduction by heating up to 400 oC resulted in significant decrease of Rh surface concentration and less pronounced decrease of Pd surface concentration. The Pd metal autoreduction occured readily in Y zeolite yielding small nanoclusters of Pd. The shifts of the core level binding energy of metal 3d electrons observed for thermally reduced metals in zeolites were consistent with presence of highly dispersed Rh metal and/or Rh+ and indicated interaction of Pd nanoparticles with zeolite matrix.
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Characterization of Supported Nanoparticles by Photoelectron Spectroscopy Methods
 Bastl, Zdeněk ; Spirovová, Ilona
The study of low-dimensional materials has taken a broad importance due to the fundamental as well as technological interests. Metal nanoparticles are objects that occupy a special place between free atoms and three-dimensional systems [1]. The electronic structure of nanoparticles and their physico-chemical properties are of primary importance in their applications in heterogeneous catalysis, gas sensors, magnetic devices, etc. In the case of supported nanoparticles the influence of the substrate can modify significantly their electronic structure and induce special structures, leading thus to changes of properties important for applications. Because of high surface to volume ratio surface chemistry is crucial to control many properties of nanoparticles.
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