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Study of probe diagnostics of tokamak edge plasma via computer simulation
Podolník, Aleš ; Pánek, Radomír (vedoucí práce) ; Cavalier, Jordan (oponent) ; Roučka, Štěpán (oponent)
Tato dizertační práce se zabývá studiem interakce plazmatu tokamaku se stěnou za pomocí počítačového modelování, a to zejména na zkoumání sondových diagnostik. Tokamakové plazma je v ní simulováno pomocí particle-in-cell modelu SPICE pracujícího ve dvou a třech pros- torových rozměrech. V rámci práce byl model SPICE rozšířen o paralelní výpočet Poissonovy rovnice a modul pro výpočet rovnice vedení tepla. Pomocí modelu SPICE byly provedeny simulace zaměřené na napodobení měření voltampérových charakteristik Langmuirových sond a to ve dvou různých geometriích. První z nich, simulace tzv. sond zarovnaných s povrchem (flush-mounted), srovnávaly běžně používané způsoby analýzy voltampérových charakteristik za účelem stanovení limitů, ve kterých lze spolehlivě získávat parametry plazmatu těmito meto- dami. Druhá sada simulací se zaobírala standardním válcovým hrotem vyčnívajícím do plaz- matu za účelem zkoumání její efektivní sběrné plochy, jejíž znalost umožňuje měření elektronové hustoty. Bylo zjištěno, že efektivní sběrná plocha je snižována vlivem útlumu hustoty v mag- netickém pre-sheathu před hlavicí nesoucí sondu a zároveň zvyšována záchytem Larmorovsky rotujících částic ze...
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Study of probe diagnostics of tokamak edge plasma via computer simulation
Podolník, Aleš ; Pánek, Radomír (vedoucí práce) ; Cavalier, Jordan (oponent) ; Roučka, Štěpán (oponent)
Tato dizertační práce se zabývá studiem interakce plazmatu tokamaku se stěnou za pomocí počítačového modelování, a to zejména na zkoumání sondových diagnostik. Tokamakové plazma je v ní simulováno pomocí particle-in-cell modelu SPICE pracujícího ve dvou a třech pros- torových rozměrech. V rámci práce byl model SPICE rozšířen o paralelní výpočet Poissonovy rovnice a modul pro výpočet rovnice vedení tepla. Pomocí modelu SPICE byly provedeny simulace zaměřené na napodobení měření voltampérových charakteristik Langmuirových sond a to ve dvou různých geometriích. První z nich, simulace tzv. sond zarovnaných s povrchem (flush-mounted), srovnávaly běžně používané způsoby analýzy voltampérových charakteristik za účelem stanovení limitů, ve kterých lze spolehlivě získávat parametry plazmatu těmito meto- dami. Druhá sada simulací se zaobírala standardním válcovým hrotem vyčnívajícím do plaz- matu za účelem zkoumání její efektivní sběrné plochy, jejíž znalost umožňuje měření elektronové hustoty. Bylo zjištěno, že efektivní sběrná plocha je snižována vlivem útlumu hustoty v mag- netickém pre-sheathu před hlavicí nesoucí sondu a zároveň zvyšována záchytem Larmorovsky rotujících částic ze...
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RE beam generation in MGI disruptions on COMPASS.
Ficker, Ondřej ; Mlynář, Jan ; Macúšová, Eva ; Vlainić, M. ; Weinzettl, Vladimír ; Urban, Jakub ; Čeřovský, Jaroslav ; Farník, Michal ; Markovič, Tomáš ; Papřok, Richard ; Vondráček, Petr ; Imríšek, Martin ; Tomeš, Matěj ; Havlíček, Josef ; Varju, Jozef ; Varavin, Mykyta ; Bogár, Ondrej ; Havránek, Aleš ; Gospodarczyk, M. ; Rabinski, M. ; Jakubowski, M. ; Malinovski, K. ; Zebrowski, J. ; Plyusnin, V. ; Papp, G. ; Pánek, Radomír ; Hron, Martin
In the experiments with the massive gas injection (MGI) triggered disruptions in the COMPASS tokamak, post-disruptive runaway electron (RE) beams are generated occasionally. In this contribution, a relatively large set of discharges from the recent years is analysed in order to improve our understanding of the processes behind the beam generation. It seems that despite the low toroidal field applied in the discharges (typically 1.15 T) the magnetic perturbations may be small enough to allow the acceleration and confinement of the electrons. The influence of the different components and different sections of the frequency spectrum of the magnetic perturbations on the beam generation and RE beam current is examined. Fast visible camera images are also analysed. The relevance of COMPASS runaway electron experiments for large machines is discussed. Moreover, the potential of less common diagnostic tools (Cherenkov detector, vertical ECE, ...) to clarify the role of the pre-disruption fast electron population and the influence of prompt runaway electron losses in the current quench is discussed using the recent test measurements.
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Infrared measurements in medium and long wavelength on COMPASS
Vondráček, Petr ; Horáček, Jan ; Pánek, Radomír ; Gauthier, E.
The experimental study of radial profiles of parallel heat flux in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of the COMPASS tokamak shows a systematic discrepancy between medium (MWIR) and long (LWIR) wavelength infrared (IR) thermographic measurements. Significant temperature and heat flux overestimation is observed in the MWIR range, whilst the LWIR range is almost not affected. It is assumed to be caused by a presence of dust particles creating sub-pixel sized micro hot-spots. Significant inhomogeneity of the surface conditions across the limiter is observed, resulting in local disturbance of the derived heat flux profiles (decay length variation up to ~ few tens of percent). Influence of the inhomogeneously distributed micro hot-spots is suppressed using correction factors (the heat transmission coefficient α) for each pixel separately in the heat flux calculation. Procedure of the α coefficient estimation is described.
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Parallel Heat Flux Decay Length Study in the COMPASS Tokamak Using MWIR and LWIR Cameras
Vondráček, Petr ; Horáček, Jan ; Pánek, Radomír ; Gauthier, E.
A comprehensive study of a parallel heat flux in a tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) has been performed in the COMPASS tokamak recently. Specially shaped high field side (HFS) limiter was used to estimate a heat flux radial decay length for small limiter radial misalignment. Long wavelength IR microbolometer and medium wavelength IR InSb camera were used for this purpose. This paper compares results obtained by the means of both cameras and demonstrates observation of very narrow heat flux decay length close to the last closed flux surface (LCFS) independantly on used camera.
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Heat and Particle Deposition on the Plasma-Facing Components
Podolník, Aleš ; Pánek, Radomír ; Komm, Michael ; Dejarnac, Renaud ; Gunn, J. P.
The interaction of plasma with plasma-facing components (PFCs) in tokamaks is of increasing interest because of implications for ITER and next-step devices. The heat and particle fluxes interacting with solid objects can be studied by means of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The aim of this work is to use the existing family of PIC codes SPICE to simulate the heat and particle flux distribution on PFCs. The output of the simulations is then used in new heat equation solver, which calculates the temperature of the PFCs. This solver provides us a testbed for the parallel sparse matrix code development as well as for the complex application aimed at study of the melting of tiles.
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Infrared Thermography on the COMPASS Tokamak
Vondráček, Petr ; Horáček, Jan ; Cahyna, Pavel ; Pánek, Radomír ; Uličný, J.
This contribution describes a new slow infrared camera obtained by the COMPASS tokamak at IPP Prague. We focus on the camera limitations affecting the experimental data (temporal and spatial smoothing, time shift). Data time deconvolution used to correct the effect of the long response time of the camera detector is described. The second part of the contribution is devoted to the physic basis for the design of a new fast IR camera system planned for installation in COMPASS during the next year.
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Data Acquisition System and Data Processing for the New Thomson Scattering System on the COMPASS Tokamak
Aftanas, Milan ; Bílková, Petra ; Böhm, Petr ; Weinzettl, Vladimír ; Stöckel, Jan ; Hron, Martin ; Pánek, Radomír ; Scannell, R. ; Walsh, M.
The Thomson scattering (TS) will be one of crucial plasma diagnostics of the COMPASS tokamak. This newly build-up multi-point system consists of two Nd:YAG lasers (1.6J at 1064nm, 30Hz each) and cascade filter polychromators with avalanche photodiodes. It will enable measurements of both the electron temperature Te (20eV − 5000eV ) and density ne (1019 − 1020m−3) profiles with spatial resolution up to 3mm in the vertical direction in 56 spatial points. The uniquely designed complex data acquisition system based on fast analog digital convertors (1GS/s) reflects the need to retrieve/digitize the signal originated from scattering process of the laser pulse lasting less than 10ns. This paper presents a detailed review of the architecture of the control and the data acquisition (DAQ) system and its features. LabViewr will be used as a main layer for the TS data acquisition. Routines specifically written for controlling the DAQ of TS on COMPASS are presented.
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Measurement of the Laser Beam Position and Width for the Thomson Scattering Diagnostics on Tokamak COMPASS
Aftanas, Milan ; Bílková, Petra ; Böhm, Petr ; Weinzettl, Vladimír ; Stöckel, Jan ; Hron, Martin ; Pánek, Radomír
COMPASS tokamak is equipped with new key diagnostic—Thomson scattering system. This unique multi-point system has been designed with the main aim to investigate electron density and temperature profiles on the COMPASS tokamak (R = 0.56 m, a = 0.18 m, BT max = 2.1 T). The spatial resolution is optimized namely for the pedestal studies (radial spatial resolution a/100). This contribution describes particular steps of optical alignment of the important part of the Thomson scattering system, Nd:YAG lasers (1.6 J at 1064 nm, 30 Hz). Laser beam width has to be precisely measured and laser beam position has to be precisely set before the measurement and checked for all laser shots to be able of decrypting the information about the plasma density and also to improve precision of the measurement. New tool for automatic measurement of the laser beam misalignment is introduced.
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