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Histological analysis of selected markers in cardiometabolic diseases 2
Zemánková, Lucie ; Vitverová, Barbora (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease of the liver tissue. More advanced stages of NAFLD are characterized by the development of fibrosis. The fibrotic process occurs at the stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and is usually accompanied by inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of fibrosis markers (α - SMA, galectin - 3 and collagen). As part of the study design, mice were divided into two groups, namely a control group fed a standard laboratory diet (chow diet) and an experimental group fed a CDAA diet. CDAA diet leads to the development of fibrosis through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes, increase in lipid synthesis and development of oxidative stress and inflammation. Mice were fed for 4 weeks. The expression of selected fibrosis markers was detected and evaluated by indirect immunohistochemistry using the ABC method. The results of this thesis show that α-SMA marker positivity was stronger in the experimental model and was also detected in activated hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts in the liver. Galectin-3 staining was also more pronounced in the experimental group than in the control group. Sirius Red staining for the detection of collagen fibers was also more intense in the experimental group, where the analysis...
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Causes of Effects and Effects of Causes
Zemánková, Lucie ; Maciak, Matúš (advisor) ; Antoch, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with an associative and causal relationship between two different random phenomena and presents basic statistical methods for investigation of these relationships. Firstly it focuses on demonstrating the association between phenomena and shows that finding a causal relation between phenomena requires appropriate randomization of the system or intervention in the system. After intervening in the system, it is no longer possible to observe all situations, so-called counterfactual observation, but the causal relationship can still be demonstrated using appropriate technical procedures and theoretical assumptions. The thesis further summarizes different ways of representation of causal structures, first by means of graphs, where basic methods of estimating the causal structure are presented, and later by structural equations that already capture the quantitative measure of causal relations.
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Analýza historických krajinných struktur
Zemánková, Lucie
This thesis deals with theme of historical landscape structures which are the preserved relics of human activity. The structures participate in shaping the cultural, historical as well as ecological and aesthetical value. Literary section summarizes the basic knowledge of historical landscape structures with the attention to importance and possibility of their protection. The main output of this thesis is proposal of typology and procedure for evaluation of historical landscape structures. They were divided into seven basic types according to the purpose of their formation. Their evaluation is based on determining of result value which is derived from a seven parameters -- time of formation, the degree of preservation and utilization, visual impact of structure, influence on landscape composition and character and uniqueness of historical structure in a regional scale. The methodology was tested on two model areas - Svojanov and Hlásnice, in which historical landscape structures were identified, described and evaluated through the recording sheet. Considering achieved results, the methodical procedure seems to be used for determining of cultural and historical values in landscape and for creating of landscape plan.
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