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Floristic diversity monitoring of the locality Branský les, South Bohemia, in the context of planned expansion of peat extraction
Konvalinková, Lucie ; Petrů, Anita (advisor) ; Vachová, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to collect data on floristic composition in the territory of Branský les II, South Bohemia. The area of interest is situated in proximity to the peat extraction field. There existed assumption that the species composition would have been heavily influenced by the proximity of the mining site.
In 2015, a detailed field survey was carried out in the area that included habitat mapping and floristic research. The evaluation of the data emphasized the current representation of problematic plant species (invasive and expansive), as well as abundance of rare or endangered species.
The current species composition of the locality corresponds with that of degraded peat forest. Due to the massive drainage, the natural succession accelerates together with gradual eutrophication, moving from the nearby waterways to the centre of the territory. In the territory of Branský les II, biotopes influenced by human activities predominate over the natural ones.
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Ecology of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth
Vachová, Pavla ; Hejcman, Michal (advisor)
Ecology of expansion species is still a hot topic. The antropogenic landscape gradually occurred since the Neolithic . The result has been a change in the structure of plant communities and the successful expansion of species such as Calamagrostis epigejos.
C. epigejos is expansive, perennial, long-stemmed, rhizomatous grass. Its important characteristic are very large ecological amplitude, high biomass production and a ability adjust habitat conditions.
Experiments and studies that are included in dissertation, have the following basic objectives: (1) Investigate the expansion of C. epigejos in plant community. (2) Investigate the theoretical degree of stability of this phytocenosis. (3) Determine the response of C. epigejos to nutrients availability. (4) Test of possibility eliminating of C. epigejos. (5) Suggest a practical use of C. epigeos.
Primarily, we monitored the reaction of interest species to management (aplication of N, P, K nutrients, mowing in various combinations). We were interested in its behavior in the plant community. It founded field and pot experiment. Results of field experiment were also used to calculate the theoretical measure of the stability of individual variants. Further research has been directed at eliminating C. epigejos using wireworms (Elateridae larvae species). The study which uses C epigejos for monitoring of deposition of heavy metals, has shown that aspects of the global expansion of the grass are not always negative.
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Expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos
Lajpertová, Lenka ; Vachová, Pavla (advisor) ; Alena, Alena (referee)
In my Bachelor thesis, I focused to behavior strategy of reed grass (Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth ) during settlement of newlyfree areas. I paid a special attention to its speed during the settlement. Further focus of the thesis is to the way of expansion of the grass to new stations. The last orientation of my work was how the species influences the composition of newly formed community. This grass from the family Poaceae (Poaceae) is mainly characterized by vegetative spreading which is typical for creation of underground rhizomes. Particularly this creation of the rhizomes makes this grass successful competitor during settlement of free areas. Beside the method of reproduction, its advantage is a creation of old vegetation (dead overground part of the plant), which is one of the many competitive advantages of the grass.
The Thesis is based on an experiment with freely planted grasses framed by plastic rings. The Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth was deployed to the center and border positions. I tracked the way of its expansion and the speed of the settlement from the given location. Further I followed the spatial arrangement of plants at single areas and the arrangement from the time change point of view.
One of the most important abiotic factor is a temperature. In summer 2015, the temperatures higher than average combined withthe lack of the rain, the most probably influenced the speed of development and expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos.
Calamagrostis epigejos did not produced any height or volume progress during its vegetative period. It concentrated its energy rather to the production of its ramets which are typical for this kind of the grass and which make it successful in occupation of the areas. The speed of the grow was average, more visible at center positions than at border ones. Compared to that, average higher distance of ramets was achieved at the border positions.
In so much as Calamagrostis epigejos did not introduce its competitive skills in full, it gave the room to spread to other types of plants in its neighborhood. Species diversity of single plant communities did not differ significantly on individual plots, the biggest coverage occupied common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) there.
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Problems of Sexual Abuse in Childhood
VACHOVÁ, Pavla
The thesis concentrates on the issue of sexual abuse in childhood. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first and second chapter characterizes the development of a role of child from past to the present, particularly in legal terms. The author's focus is dedicated to the term definition of sexual child abuse, data and incidence of sexual abuse in context with other countries. Supported by viewpoint of other authors, a description of different views on sexual abuse of children is presented with specific forms of abuse (contact and non-contact). The third chapter deals with specific risk factors, related to children, the perpetrators (aggressors) and families. Autor´s focus is on the offender (deviant and non-deviant) and their degree of threat. The data is supported by research results published in the Czech Republic and statistical data from OSPOD MLSA. The last, fourth chapter is considered by the author to be of a great importance as it discusses the implications derived from sexual abuse in childhood. This traumatic experience may have crucial impact on further development and quality of life of the victim. The work is concluded with offers of preventative methods and the role of social worker in the process of uncovering a case of sexual abuse of a child.
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