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Prisoner of Memory: the Question of Guilt in the Novels K. and The Diary of the Fall
Vaněčková, Jana ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
The bachelor thesis explores the issue of guilt and memory in Brazilian literary works K. by B. Kucinski and in Michel Laub's Diary of the Fall. Theoretically, in terms of guilt, it is anchored in the approaches of the German philosophers Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt, and in the case of memory in the work of the French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs. The aim of the thesis was to analyse guilt and its experience by the main characters in both books, as well as to identify the most prominent forms of guilt in the works as conceptualised by Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt. Memory as a link between guilt, the Holocaust and the Brazilian dictatorship was also analyzed. The protagonists of both works are prisoners of their memory, especially through the influence of their metaphysical guilt, although each approaches it differently. For the characters in both works, the events associated with their own guilt represent turning points after which their lives are no longer the same. Both literary works underline the important role of collective memory in shaping individual memories, especially against the historical background of the Holocaust and the Brazilian dictatorship.
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Variation of diphthong ou/oi in European Portuguese
Volejníková, Veronika ; Svobodová, Petra (advisor) ; Válová, Karolina (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to present the issue of /ow/ and /oj/ variation as a phenomenon occurring in many Portuguese words and to describe the factors that condition the preference and degree of variation of these diphtongs. The first part is devoted to the diphthongs /ow/ and /oj/, their origin and evolution in the context of the oral diphthong group. Next, the thesis focuses on the variation of /ow/ and /oj/ in terms of historical linguistic processes that may have conditioned it. The second part of the thesis presents research on the words entering this variation. Based on data from the Portuguese corpus NOW and data collected in a self-administered questionnaire survey with 93 participants, a frequency analysis is carried out depending on the etymology of the diphthongs and on the phonological context of the diphthongs. Keywords: diphthongs, variation, European Portuguese, phonetics, phonology, frequency, etymology, corpora
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Variants of pejorative addresses in Brazilian Portuguese
Zikmundová, Michaela ; Svobodová, Petra (advisor) ; Válová, Karolina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with variants of pejorative addresses in Brazilian Portuguese. The work is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a practical one. The theoretical part is focused on explaining and clarifying both Czech terms, i.e. non-standart language, literary language, professional language, slang, argot, swearing and vulgarisms, as well as the Portuguese ones, i.e. gíria, calão, insulto, palavrão and palavras taboos. The practical part consists of three parts. The first part is focused on the use of swear words in specific everyday situations, which are analyzed from a formal and semantic point of view. The second part is concentrates on swear words that we use to relieve ourselves in a given situation and the last part on expressions that we consider the most and least offensive in terms of rudeness.
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Voices of the Ancestors or How to Understand Indigenous Storytelling
Svobodová, Barbora ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
The bachelor thesis Voices of the Ancestors or How to Understand Indigenous Storytelling focuses on characteristic elements of indigenous stories. Faced with those, an uninformed reader could find himself in trouble. The thesis is a guide to the topic of myth and explains why indigenous nations tell this type of stories. From a Central European point of view, it explores the reasons why indigenous storytelling can be interesting also for other, non-indigenous communities of people, for example those living in western society. The bachelor thesis submitted here analyses in particular Voices of Ancestors: ten Indigenous Stories (2016), a book which is a collection of several stories of different indigenous nations. It was put together by Daniel Munduruku, a populariser of indigenous culture, prominent thinker, and writer. The translation of all the stories, carried out by the author of the thesis, can be found in the text annex. At the beginning of the thesis, we learn about Daniel Munduruku and about his nation, from which he took his surname. Then, more specifically, the way the abovementioned book came to be. The second chapter takes a closer look at Brazil indigenous nations, taking into consideration their current situation and the main topics arising out of their storytelling. Furthermore, the...
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A postmodern view of the Carnation Revolution in the novel Os Memoráveis by Lídia Jorge
Černohorská, Barbora ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of the postmodern novel The Memorables (Os Memoráveis, 2014) written by the prominent contemporary Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge. The thesis first presents the historical background of the Carnation Revolution, the central theme of the novel, and examines Portuguese literary developments during the given period. A separate chapter is devoted to the life and work of Lídia Jorge, including the author's view of the famous April Revolution. Subsequently follows the analysis of the novel itself, which, based on Linda Hutcheon's postmodern poetics and deconstruction, gradually examines the novel's individual characters and compares them with their true historical counterparts.
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Fantastic elements in the novel Blank Gaze by José Luís Peixoto
Jakubec, Radim ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of fantastic motifs in the novel Blank gaze (Nenhum olhar, 2001) by the Portuguese writer José Luís Peixoto. In addition to the fantastic motifs and a shorter summary of the novel's plot, the bachelor's thesis presents the relevant literary concept of the fantastic and its essentials from prominent literary critics from various literary-historical periods; theoretical conclusions of Roger Caillois ("Imagenes, Imagenes...Ensayos sobre la función y los poderes de la imaginación," 1970), H.P. Lovecraft (Supernatural Horror in Literature, 1927), Tzvetan Todorov (Introduction to Fantastic Literature, 1970), and Jaime Alazraki (¿What is the Neofantastic?, 2001) are used in the work. The work is further expanded with chapters dealing with the facts abouth the researched novel and author's life, which further deepen the informative scope of the work.
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Lexical Characteristics of the Portuguese Language Spoken in Madeira
Kohoutová, Kamila ; Svobodová, Petra (advisor) ; Válová, Karolina (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is to describe lexical characteristics of Portuguese spoken in the island of Madeira and to study proliferation of lexical regionalisms among its users whose speech is not as likely to carry dialectal traits. We first introduce the Madeiran dialects in the context of the European Portuguese variant and observe their evolution not only from the perspective of Portugal's past and present, but also the history of Portuguese linguistics. Chapter 2 focuses on describing commonly recognized characteristic traits of the Madeiran dialects on all planes of language - phonetic, morphosyntactic, and lexical. The lexical aspect comes into focus in the final part of the thesis where we present our own research regarding knowledge and use of regionalisms among Portuguese speakers in Madeira who have concluded secondary or college education. Their speech is typically perceived to be less likely to exhibit traits of dialects in comparison to their less educated counterparts. As societies develop and change however, they may play an essential role in preserving the dialects so typical for Madeira. Our research was therefore designed to find out how alive regionalisms are among these speakers.
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Escrevivência in Becos da memória de Conceição Evaristo
Růžičková, Alena ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis explores the Brazilian writer Conceição Evaristo's literary concept of escrevivência based on her 2006 novel Alleys of Memory and the literature of the periphery. The aim of the investigation is to introduce this new literary concept on which the writer bases her literary work. Through an analysis of the structure, theme and characters of the novel Alleys of Memory, we will discover aspects of the literary concept of escrevivência and why it is important to this writer's work, what she pursues with it and what she uses it for. Through the novel Alleys of Memory, Evaristo also gives us an insight into the place of characters on the margins of Brazilian society. Key words Afro-brazilian literature, Conceição Evaristo, favela, 20th century Brazilian literature
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Ana Teresa Pereira: Karen
Tietzová, Anna ; Grauová, Šárka (advisor) ; Válová, Karolina (referee)
This masters thesis focuses on the work of Ana Teresa Pereira, a contemporary Madeiran author, introducing parts of Karen, her most famous novel so far, to the Czech literary audience. The thesis sets Pereira's proses within the Portuguese and world literature context, examines main characteristics of the work and presents key inspirational sources thereof. The work describes specifics of A. T. Pereira's poetics in relation to the genre of fantastic literature and unveils her narrative strategy with respect to the concept of repetition. The focal point of the thesis consists in translations of selected passages of the novel, accompanied by a study analyzing the author's fictional universe and outlining possible interpretations of the text concerned in connection with intersectionist discourse and multiplication of subject.
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Mother and daughter in the novel Silence by Teolinda Gersão
Šiplová, Emma ; Válová, Karolina (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the relationship between mother and daughter in the 1981 novel Silence (O Silênçio) by contemporary author Teolinda Gersão. The novel, particularly appreciated for its timelessness, seeks to highlight the problems of Portugal at the time through two generations of women and to emphasize the importance of communication between people who, after the Carnation Revolution, did not know what to do with the freedom they had gained. The protagonists enter the world of men, but their inability to communicate prevents them from becoming part of it. Their fates mirror and depend on each other. The fate of the mother will give strength to the daughter to find her voice so that she can change her life and be free. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the mother-daughter relationship in the novel from different points of view, the main ones being: family, two Portuguese generations of women and love, intimacy in relation to men. Key words mother; daughter; feminism; Portuguese novel; freedom; patriarchy
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