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Use of nanofluidic mixing for preparation of liposome carriers stained by gadolinium for contrast imaging by magnetic resonance (MRI)
Velínská, Kamila ; Mašek,, Josef (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the preparation of the liposomes, containing lipids with gadolinium, which are used for a contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The liposomes were prepared by the lipid film hydration followed by an extrusion and also by a new nanofluid mixing method on the NanoAssemblr Benchtop. The preparation technology has been optimized for parameters such as the composition of lipids, the flow rate ratio and total flow rate. The method of modification of the liposomes surface by gadolinium complexes has been developed. This method is using a conjugation reaction between the lipids containing cyanuric acid and Gd-DOTA. Prepared Gd-liposomes, which contain gadolinium, were complexly defined by the characterization techniques of DLS and NTA. The morphology of liposomes was observed by TEM and cryo-TEM. Methods for the determination of phospholipid content (Stewart test) and residual water in the lyophylisates of liposomes (Karl-Fischer titration) were used. Gadolinium in liposomal preparations was determined by ICP-OES. Using MR, the concept of gadolinium liposomes was verified and designed for MRI imaging of thrombi. The concept describing the mechanism of liposomes formation based on the experimentally proven existence of a phospholipid bilayer fragment has been developed. This concept is based on the experimentally proven existence of a phospholipid bilayer fragment.
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Analysis of coronavirus by QRT-PCR and possible therapy by nanoliposomal carriers of recombinant antigens
Krchová, Lenka ; doc. RNDr. Milan Bartoš. Ph.D. (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of coronaviruses, their diagnostics and subsequently the possible construction of a recombinant vaccine based on liposomal carriers of recombinant antigens. The experimental part of the thesis touches upon two levels. First, the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus was measured and investigated by real-time PCR. Biological material of a large number of patients was worked with. Together with the basic determination of the presence of the virus, the stability of the viral particle over time, its resistance to temperature changes, the effect of dilution of the carrier medium on the Ct value and other sub-experiments were investigated. From all the metadata, the most useful variant for pathogen diagnosis is finally evaluated. The experimental part is then followed by a possible therapy with recombinant vaccines. This issue is very topical and moves the whole professional community. Liposomes have been prepared which serve as carriers of bioactive substances in recombinant vaccines. The liposomes were homogenized by extrusion to the desired size and variously surface modified. Antigen binding, stability over time and possible degradation were investigated. Liposomes were characterized by DLS, nanoflow cytometry and electron microscopy.
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Preparation and characterization of nanoliposomal carriers of hydrophobic cytostatics using nanofluidic mixing
Zelníčková, Jaroslava ; Mašek,, Josef (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on preparation of liposome by relatively new method called nanofluidisation. This method allows the controlled preparation of small unilamellar liposomes in one step. In my thesis I was dealing with optimalization of liposomes preparation which carry hydrophobic cytostatics using this method. Cytotoxic effect of liposomes carrying hydrophobic cytostatics in vitro on cell lines A549 and MCF-7 was determined. In cytotoxicyty test I compared the effect of hydrophobic cytostatics (paclitaxel and derivates of vitamin E specifically alfa-Tos, alfa-TEA) that were incorporated into liposomes prepared via nanofluidisation method and lipid film hydration method. Moreover, a technology of lyophilisation in the presence of cryoprotectants for preparation of liposomes using the method of nanofluidisation was developed.
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Preparation and characterization of surface-modified nanoliposomes using click chemistry techniques
Frydrychová, Aneta ; Bartoš,, Milan (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
Over the past decades the liposomes have been intensively studied for their unique properties which predispose them for use as drug delivery systems or for constructions of vaccines. This diploma thesis provides an overview of their most important properties, preparation options and their surface modification. The aim of this thesis is thus a preparation and characterization of the nanoliposomes and their surface modification. The liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method and mannan polysacharide was used for surface modification. Due to the use of a lipid with an N-oxy group, the modification was carried out via an oxime ligation via click chemistry. Nanoliposomes were characterized by series of physicochemical methods such as TEM, DLS, FT-IR or nano-flow cytometry. Part of the thesis is a study of the interactions of liposomes accomplished on selected cell lines to verify whether they stimulate immune response pathways. Its results confirmed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1). Thus, these polymer coated nanoliposomes are potentially useful as vaccine adjuvants.
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Immunoprotective character of polymer cytotoxic drugs
Šírová, Milada ; Říhová, Blanka (advisor) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rabišková, Miloslava (referee)
18 I. INTRODUCTION Cancer is a serious health problem worldwide. In economically developed countries, it is a second most frequent cause of death after cardiovascular dis- eases, and the number of oncological patients continuously increases with the increasing age of population. The mainstay of cancer therapy is combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Whilst surgery and radiation are relatively precise and suitable to achieve a local control over the tumor, chemotherapy exerts a systemic ef- fect. These three modalities, when properly combined and sequenced, can cure a substantial number of hematological cancers and a smaller, but still significant subset of various solid tumors. Most cytostatic/cytotoxic drugs that are now in common use target the cells with high proliferation rate. The non-selective character of chemotherapy leads to increased toxicities towards normal rapidly proliferating cells. This means that the drugs have to be used at suboptimal doses, leading to development of (multi)drug resistance, metastatic disease and, eventually, to failure of the therapy. Innovative therapeutic strategies need to be developed in order to achieve better treatment outcome. For that purpose, several approaches are be- ing applied. First, sophisticated genomic and proteomic research could identify...
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Preparation and characterization of surface-modified nanoliposomes using click chemistry techniques
Frydrychová, Aneta ; Bartoš,, Milan (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
Over the past decades the liposomes have been intensively studied for their unique properties which predispose them for use as drug delivery systems or for constructions of vaccines. This diploma thesis provides an overview of their most important properties, preparation options and their surface modification. The aim of this thesis is thus a preparation and characterization of the nanoliposomes and their surface modification. The liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method and mannan polysacharide was used for surface modification. Due to the use of a lipid with an N-oxy group, the modification was carried out via an oxime ligation via click chemistry. Nanoliposomes were characterized by series of physicochemical methods such as TEM, DLS, FT-IR or nano-flow cytometry. Part of the thesis is a study of the interactions of liposomes accomplished on selected cell lines to verify whether they stimulate immune response pathways. Its results confirmed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1). Thus, these polymer coated nanoliposomes are potentially useful as vaccine adjuvants.
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Analysis of coronavirus by QRT-PCR and possible therapy by nanoliposomal carriers of recombinant antigens
Krchová, Lenka ; doc. RNDr. Milan Bartoš. Ph.D. (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of coronaviruses, their diagnostics and subsequently the possible construction of a recombinant vaccine based on liposomal carriers of recombinant antigens. The experimental part of the thesis touches upon two levels. First, the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus was measured and investigated by real-time PCR. Biological material of a large number of patients was worked with. Together with the basic determination of the presence of the virus, the stability of the viral particle over time, its resistance to temperature changes, the effect of dilution of the carrier medium on the Ct value and other sub-experiments were investigated. From all the metadata, the most useful variant for pathogen diagnosis is finally evaluated. The experimental part is then followed by a possible therapy with recombinant vaccines. This issue is very topical and moves the whole professional community. Liposomes have been prepared which serve as carriers of bioactive substances in recombinant vaccines. The liposomes were homogenized by extrusion to the desired size and variously surface modified. Antigen binding, stability over time and possible degradation were investigated. Liposomes were characterized by DLS, nanoflow cytometry and electron microscopy.
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NKR-P1C receptor-carbohydrate interaction contributes to antitumor immune response via activation of NK and B cells
Hulíková, Katarína ; Fišerová, Anna (advisor) ; Kročová, Zuzana (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (referee)
Lectin - saccharide interactions and the involved receptors are currently intensively studied for their important role in antimicrobial as well as antitumor immunity. The major cell types participating in carbohydrate recognition are NK, NKT, and B cells. The differentiation of B lymphocytes could be induced by activated NK cells via direct intercellular contact and/or IFN-γ release. Our research is focused on NK cell receptors of C-type lectin-like family recognizing carbohydrate epitopes of glycoproteins. Synthetic glycoconjugates with terminal N- acetyl-D-glucosamines on polyamidoamine (GN8P) or calix[4]arene (GN4C) scaffold used in this study, exerted the highest binding affinity to activating isoforms of rodent NKR-P1 (A and C) receptor. The aim of the presented dissertation thesis was to elucidate, how Nkr-p1c gene divergence, between C57BL/6 (NK1.1-positive, NKR- P1CB6) and BALB/c (NK1.1-negative, NKR-P1CBALB/c) mouse strains, could affect NK cell activation and subsequent triggering of B lymphocyte effector functions using GN8P and GN4C as NKR-P1C prototype ligands. We demonstrated, that GN8P increased mRNA expression for NKR-P1C receptor, IFN-γ synthesis and lytic activity of NK cells, antigen-specific (anti-KLH, anti-DNP, and anti-B16F10) IgG (particularly IgG2a) formation, number of...
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Changes in Expression of Membrane Molecules CD200R, CD95, CD95L, and Soluble CD200R Regulating inflammatory Responses in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Holmannová, Drahomíra ; Krejsek, Jan (advisor) ; Brát, Radim (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (referee)
Cardiac surgery is known to initiate a complex physiological response with the immune system activation (SIRS), neurohormonal response, metabolic changes, coagulopathies etc. SIRS is triggered by tissue injury, myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, use of anaesthesia, cardioplegia, extracorporeal circuit etc. Excessive immune system activation is associated with progression of SIRS, life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction (MOD), and increased morbidity/mortality in the postoperative period. The immune system response is regulated and terminated by both cellular and humoral regulatory and inhibitory mechanisms including changes in expression of in our study monitored molecules: CD200/CD200R, sCD200R and CD95/CD95L. Methods: The study included the measurement the expression of CD95, CD95L, CD200R, and sCD200R molecules in granulocyte and monocyte populations in blood samples of 30 patients who underwent heart surgery using CPB. Samples collected before surgery, after surgery, and in the postoperative period (1st , 3rd , 7th day) were analysed by flow cytometry and sCD200R by ELISA. Results: We discovered a significant increase in the percentage of granulocytes expressing inhibitory molecule CD200R (from 5% to 17.8%) instantly after surgery. It might be presumed that these cells are less susceptible to...
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Changes in Expression of Membrane Molecules CD200R, CD95, CD95L, and Soluble CD200R Regulating inflammatory Responses in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Holmannová, Drahomíra ; Krejsek, Jan (advisor) ; Brát, Radim (referee) ; Turánek, Jaroslav (referee)
Cardiac surgery is known to initiate a complex physiological response with the immune system activation (SIRS), neurohormonal response, metabolic changes, coagulopathies etc. SIRS is triggered by tissue injury, myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, use of anaesthesia, cardioplegia, extracorporeal circuit etc. Excessive immune system activation is associated with progression of SIRS, life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction (MOD), and increased morbidity/mortality in the postoperative period. The immune system response is regulated and terminated by both cellular and humoral regulatory and inhibitory mechanisms including changes in expression of in our study monitored molecules: CD200/CD200R, sCD200R and CD95/CD95L. Methods: The study included the measurement the expression of CD95, CD95L, CD200R, and sCD200R molecules in granulocyte and monocyte populations in blood samples of 30 patients who underwent heart surgery using CPB. Samples collected before surgery, after surgery, and in the postoperative period (1st , 3rd , 7th day) were analysed by flow cytometry and sCD200R by ELISA. Results: We discovered a significant increase in the percentage of granulocytes expressing inhibitory molecule CD200R (from 5% to 17.8%) instantly after surgery. It might be presumed that these cells are less susceptible to...
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